Multi-party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA) as A Mechanism to Address WTO Appellate Body Inactivity
Abstract
The Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA) emerged as a crucial temporary mechanism within the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework to address the paralysis of the WTO Appellate Body (AB) since December 2019. This research paper examines whether the MPIA can serve as a suitable substitute for the WTO AB, particularly its impact on developing countries. The methodology employed is a qualitative research method, integrating a juridical normative methodology, historical analysis, and descriptive analysis. Sources include WTO reports, academic literature, journal articles, and other related materials. The results indicate that while the MPIA ensures continuity of trade dispute resolutions, it cannot fully replace the AB. However, the MPIA's flexibility and practical approach offer significant benefits, such as faster dispute resolution and the potential to balance power asymmetries in international trade disputes. The study concludes that for the MPIA to function as a viable alternative, it requires broader adoption, continuous improvements, and alignment with WTO principles for equitable and accessible mechanisms for all WTO members, particularly developing countries. Policy recommendations are offered to enhance the inclusivity and effectiveness of the MPIA, alongside long-term solutions for resolving the WTO Appellate Body crisis. Ultimately, the MPIA serves as a crucial instrument in the ongoing reform efforts of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to understanding the MPIA's role and the necessity of diplomatic efforts to restore a fully operational and universally accepted WTO dispute settlement system amidst current geopolitical challenges.
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