Situasi dan Cabaran Perundangan kepada Orang Asli dalam Era Pandemik COVID-19 (Situation and Legal Challenges to the Orang Asli Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic)
Abstract
The situation and implications of the COVID-19 pandemic are extremely challenging for all sections of society, particularly economically. The Orang Asli also suffered negative consequences as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as their current situation is plagued by economic difficulties, poverty, and marginalization from mainstream development. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to analyze the situation of Indigenous economic rights and legal challenges in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article also analyzes the laws, policies related to the economic rights of the Orang Asli, further identifying the existing legal challenges. This article presents two main findings, namely 1) government efforts should be further enhanced to assist Orang Asli in facing the challenges of COVID-19; and 2) the existence of existing legal gaps and challenges regarding Orang Asli rights including economic rights in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding is very significant because the rights of the Orang Asli, including economic rights, are still far behind and need immediate improvement in various aspects including strategies, laws and implementation, especially in the era of the COVID-19 Pandemic. In conclusion, this article can provide an important contribution towards sustainable development for the Orang Asli and further help Malaysia fulfill its international legal obligations.
Abstrak
Situasi dan implikasi pandemik COVID-19 adalah sangat mencabar kepada setiap lapisan masyarakat khususnya dari aspek ekonomi. Orang Asli turut menerima impak negatif susulan pandemik COVID-19 ini kerana kedudukan mereka sedia ada telah dibelenggu dengan isu ekonomi, dihimpit kemiskinan dan terpinggir dari pembangunan arus perdana. Sehubungan itu, objektif utama artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisis mengenai situasi hak ekonomi Orang Asli dan cabaran perundangan dalam era pandemik COVID-19. Artikel turut menganalisis undang-undang, dasar serta polisi berkaitan hak ekonomi Orang Asli, seterusnya mengenalpasti cabaran perundangan sedia ada. Artikel ini mengemukakan dua dapatan utama iaitu 1) usaha kerajaan wajar dipertingkatkan lagi bagi membantu Orang Asli dalam menghadapi cabaran COVID-19; dan 2) wujudnya jurang dan cabaran perundangan sedia ada berhubung hak Orang Asli termasuklah hak ekonomi dalam mendepani ujian pandemik COVID-19. Dapatan ini sangat signifikan kerana hak Orang Asli termasuklah hak ekonomi masih jauh ketinggalan dan memerlukan penambahbaikan segera dari pelbagai aspek termasuklah strategi, undang-undang dan pelaksanaannya khususnya dalam era Pandemik COVID-19 ini. Kesimpulannya, penulisan ini dapat memberi sumbangan yang penting ke arah pembangunan lestari kepada Orang Asli seterusnya membantu Malaysia menunaikan obligasi undang-undang antarabangsanya.
Kata kunci: Akta Orang Asli 1954; COVID-19; ekonomi; Orang Asli; pandemik; undang-undang
Keywords
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