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Exploratory Factors and Reliability Analysis of Entrepreneurial quality to Assess Undergraduates Returning to their Hometowns for Entrepreneurship (Faktor Penerokaan dan Analisis Kebolehpercayaan Kualiti Keusahawanan untuk Menilai Siswazah Pulang ke Kampung Halaman untuk Keusahawanan)
Abstract
Entrepreneurial Quality (EQ) emphasizes the pivotal role of intrinsic motivation in shaping outstanding entrepreneurs, driving business success, and fostering economic development at a deeper level. However, research on the dimensions of entrepreneurial quality among university students returning to Shandong, China to start businesses remains insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to establish the reliability of a measurement tool for entrepreneurial quality among university students through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability analysis. Additionally, this study conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey among Chinese university students. A sample of 150 respondents was randomly selected from university students in Shandong Province, China, who expressed intentions to return to their hometowns for entrepreneurship. To measure the construct of self-directed learning, 15 scale items were retained for data collection, as all item factor loadings exceeded the 0.50 threshold and were not excluded. This study empirically validated the dimensions of entrepreneurial competence development among returning university students, with findings holding significant implications for guiding Chinese students returning to their hometowns to start businesses.
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