KONSEP HISBAH DAN PERANANNYA DALAM PENGUATKUASAAN HALAL DI MALAYSIA: ANALISIS PERUNDANGAN DAN PELAKSANAAN (The Concept of Hisbah and Its Role in Halal Enforcement in Malaysia: A Legal and Implementation Analysis)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Industri halal mempunyai potensi besar untuk berkembang di peringkat domestik dan global, didorong oleh populasi Muslim dunia yang dianggarkan melebihi 1.9 bilion. Namun demikian, perkembangan pesat ini turut disertai pelbagai cabaran seperti penipuan, ketidakjelasan sumber bahan, penyalahgunaan logo halal serta pelanggaran keperluan syariah dan teknikal. Walaupun penguatkuasaan halal merupakan mekanisme penting dalam menangani isu-isu tersebut, kerangka pelaksanaannya di Malaysia masih dilihat kompleks serta kurang difahami oleh pengguna dan pemain industri. Sehubungan itu, artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep dan prinsip hisbah dalam Islam serta hubungannya dengan pengawasan industri halal. Kajian ini turut meneliti kerangka perundangan dan struktur penguatkuasaan halal di Malaysia, di samping mengenal pasti cabaran pelaksanaan dan mencadangkan langkah penambahbaikan yang bersesuaian. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan melalui kaedah analisis dokumen yang melibatkan sumber seperti buku ilmiah, artikel jurnal, laporan rasmi dan dokumen perundangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan secara tematik. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa prinsip hisbah yang berteraskan konsep amar ma‘ruf nahi munkar memainkan peranan signifikan dalam memperkukuh ketelusan, pematuhan syariah dan integriti dalam industri halal. Walaubagaimanapun, beberapa cabaran utama dikenal pasti, termasuk penyalahgunaan logo halal, kelemahan koordinasi antara agensi penguatkuasaan, tahap kesedaran pengguna yang rendah serta peningkatan risiko penipuan dalam persekitaran digital.Sehubungan itu, kajian ini mencadangkan pengukuhan kerangka perundangan, peningkatan kapasiti institusi, pelaksanaan latihan khusus serta integrasi teknologi dalam rantaian bekalan halal bagi meningkatkan keberkesanan penguatkuasaan. Selain itu, kajian ini membangunkan satu model konseptual tadbir urus halal berasaskan prinsip hisbah yang mengintegrasikan dimensi normatif syariah dengan mekanisme penguatkuasaan moden. Model ini berpotensi menjadi kerangka analitikal dalam memperkukuh sistem penguatkuasaan halal yang lebih holistik dan bersepadu.

ABSTRACT

The halal industry has significant potential to grow at both domestic and global levels, driven by the global Muslim population estimated to exceed 1.9 billion. However, this rapid development is accompanied by various challenges such as fraud, lack of transparency in the sourcing of materials, misuse of halal logos, as well as violations of Shariah and technical requirements. Although halal enforcement is an important mechanism in addressing these issues, its implementation framework in Malaysia is still perceived as complex and is not well understood by consumers and industry players. Accordingly, this article aims to analyse the concept and principles of hisbah in Islam and its relationship with the supervision of the halal industry. This study also examines the legal framework and structure of halal enforcement in Malaysia, while identifying implementation challenges and proposing appropriate improvement measures. A qualitative approach is employed through document analysis involving sources such as scholarly books, journal articles, official reports, and legal documents. The data are analysed using thematic content analysis. The findings indicate that the principles of hisbah, which are based on the concept of amar ma‘ruf nahi munkar, play a significant role in strengthening transparency, Shariah compliance, and integrity within the halal industry. Nevertheless, several key challenges are identified, including the misuse of halal logos, weak coordination among enforcement agencies, low levels of consumer awareness, as well as the increasing risk of fraud in the digital environment. Accordingly, this study proposes the strengthening of the legal framework, enhancement of institutional capacity, implementation of specialised training, as well as the integration of technology within the halal supply chain to improve enforcement effectiveness. In addition, this study develops a conceptual model of halal governance based on the principles of hisbah, which integrates the normative dimensions of Shariah with modern enforcement mechanisms. This model has the potential to serve as an analytical framework in strengthening a more holistic and integrated halal enforcement system.