Profilan Jenayah dalam Undang-undang Prosedur: Pengajaran daripada Bidang Kuasa Lain (Criminal Profiling in Procedural Law: Lesson from Other Jurisdictions)

Maisarah Mustaffa, Muhamad Helmi Md. Said

Abstract


Criminal profiling is a tool produced and used by the police during conducting investigations. In Malaysia, the practice of using criminal profiling can be identified through several provisions in the Criminal Procedure Code as well as several articles and journals. However, these sources are not able to provide a clear picture of the position of criminal profiling in Malaysia. To date, no specific definition or concept and structured criminal profiling method can be identified. This article aims to provide an overview of the criminal profiling method used in other countries namely Japan and the United States. The main goal is to show the variety of criminal profiling methods used to assist the police during the investigation process. This paper briefly describes each of the methods and emphasizes their differences. A comparison of methods in general needs to be touched on, to see to what extent criminal profiling methods in the United States have an impact on the development of criminal profiling methods in Japan. This paper is aimed at the public, those involved in law, criminology, and any fields related to criminal profiling. The literature review will be used to achieve these objectives. The findings are that Japan has managed to produce its definition of criminal profiling while in the United States, apart from the definition given by the FBI, a single definition is still under discussion. In addition, Japan uses a method namely Behavioral Crime Analysis, quite similar to the United States which is Behavioral Profiling of Offenders, to identify the characteristics of criminal behavior. Therefore, this paper will suggest that Malaysia use the criminal profiling method in these developed countries as an example in producing its guidelines on criminal profiling.

 

Abstrak

Profil jenayah adalah alat yang dihasilkan dan digunakan oleh polis semasa menjalankan siasatan. Di Malaysia, amalan menggunakan profil jenayah boleh dikenal pasti melalui beberapa peruntukan dalam Kanun Tatacara Jenayah serta beberapa artikel dan jurnal. Bagaimanapun, sumber-sumber ini tidak mampu memberikan gambaran yang jelas tentang kedudukan profil jenayah di Malaysia. Sehingga kini, tiada definisi atau konsep khusus dan kaedah pemprofilan jenayah berstruktur boleh dikenal pasti. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran keseluruhan kaedah pemprofilan jenayah yang digunakan di negara lain iaitu Jepun dan Amerika Syarikat. Matlamat utama adalah untuk menunjukkan kepelbagaian kaedah profil jenayah yang digunakan untuk membantu polis semasa proses penyiasatan. Kertas kerja ini menerangkan secara ringkas setiap kaedah dan menekankan perbezaannya. Perbandingan kaedah secara umum perlu disentuh, untuk melihat sejauh mana kaedah pemprofilan jenayah di Amerika Syarikat memberi kesan kepada pembangunan kaedah pemprofilan jenayah di Jepun. Kertas kerja ini ditujukan kepada orang ramai, mereka yang terlibat dalam undang-undang, kriminologi, dan apa-apa bidang yang berkaitan dengan profil jenayah. Kajian literatur akan digunakan untuk mencapai objektif ini. Penemuan ialah Jepun telah berjaya menghasilkan definisi profil jenayah manakala di Amerika Syarikat, selain definisi yang diberikan oleh FBI, satu definisi masih dalam perbincangan. Selain itu, Jepun menggunakan kaedah iaitu Behavioral Crime Analysis, hampir sama dengan Amerika Syarikat iaitu Behavioral Profiling of Offenders, untuk mengenal pasti ciri-ciri tingkah laku jenayah. Oleh itu, makalah ini akan mencadangkan agar Malaysia menggunakan kaedah pemprofilan jenayah di negara maju ini sebagai contoh dalam menghasilkan garis panduan pemprofilan jenayah.

Kata kunci: Profil jenayah; prosedur jenayah; siasatan polis; Jepun; Amerika Syarikat


Keywords


Criminal profiling; criminal procedure; police investigation; Japan; United States

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References


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