PHYTOREMEDIATION AS PHYTOTECHNOLOGY APPROACH FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES (Fitoremediasi Sebagai Pendekatan Fitoteknologi untuk Rawatan Air Sisa: Perspektif Islam)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Wastewater contamination is one of the critical environmental issues that is becoming worse daily due to the development of human activities mainly produced from domestic, heavy metals, oil, agricultural, and industrial waste. From the Islamic perspective, Muslims play essential roles as khalifah on earth responsible for taking care of and preserving the balanced relationship between man and the environment. As such, phytotechnology, which applies plants and associated microorganisms-based technologies, has been emerging to examine the problems and provide sustainable solutions for this issue. In the 1980’s, the concept of phytoremediation was born when the ability of plant species to accumulate high amounts of heavy metals in their tissue and organs was proved. There are several advantages of using aquatic plants for the remediation process, such as being very cost-effective, eco-friendly and safe. Selecting suitable aquatic plant species helps safely remediate the wastewater contamination without producing any toxic substances. This article summarises recent facts on phytoremediation by using aquatic plants as the best approach to remediate wastewater contaminants. Furthermore, some sustainability principles have been highlighted in the Quran and Sunnah, which can guide stakeholders and serve as a basis for any institution to introduce better environmental conservation and management policies through Islamic perspectives, particularly in the practice of phytoremediation for wastewater management.
ABSTRAK
Pencemaran air sisa adalah salah satu masalah persekitaran yang semakin kritikal dari hari ke hari disebabkan oleh perkembangan aktiviti manusia yang kebanyakannya terhasil daripada sisa domestik, logam berat, minyak, pertanian, dan sisa industri. Dari perspektif Islam, Muslim memainkan peranan penting sebagai khalifah di bumi yang bertanggungjawab menjaga dan memelihara keseimbangan hubungan antara manusia dan persekitaran. Oleh itu, fitoteknologi, iaitu teknologi berasaskan tumbuhan dan mikroorganisma telah digunapakai bagi meneliti masalah dan memberikan penyelesaian yang lestari kepada isu pencemaran ini. Pada tahun 1980-an, konsep fitoremediasi diperkenalkan apabila tumbuhan terbukti mampu mengumpul logam berat dalam jumlah yang tinggi di dalam tisu dan organnya. Terdapat beberapa kelebihan menggunakan tumbuhan akuatik dalam proses remediasi seperti kos yang efektif, mesra alam, dan selamat. Pemilihan spesies tumbuhan akuatik yang bersesuaian dapat membantu mengatasi pencemaran air sisa dengan selamat tanpa menghasilkan bahan toksik. Tinjauan ini merangkumi fakta terkini mengenai fitoremediasi dengan menggunakan tumbuhan akuatik sebagai pendekatan terbaik untuk merawat pencemaran air sisa. Selanjutnya, beberapa prinsip kelestarian telah diketengahkan dalam al-Quran dan Sunnah, yang dapat membimbing pihak berkepentingan dan menjadi asas bagi mana-mana institusi untuk memperkenalkan dasar yang lebih baik dalam pemeliharaan dan pengurusan alam sekitar melalui perspektif Islam, terutama dalam praktik fitoremediasi dalam pengurusan air sisa.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JH-2022-1401-05
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