NOBLE VALUES PRINCIPLE AND INDICATORS AS ETHICAL GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MALAYSIA(Prinsip Nilai-nilai Murni dan Indikator Sebagai Prinsip Etika Panduan bagi Bioteknologi Moden di Malaysia)

Nur Asmadayana Hasim, Latifah Amin, Ahmad Fazil Ellias, Zurina Mahadi, Mashitoh Yaacob

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Malaysia enacted the Biosafety Act 2007 and its regulations, the Biosafety (Approval and Notifications) Regulations 2010 to ensure the biosafety of modern biotechnology in Malaysia. However, the current Act and regulations do not fully consider the ethical issues arising in modern biotechnology. Besides the four well-established principles proposed by the well-known bioethicists, Beauchamp and Childress, there are other important principles which should be taken into account. In Islam, every human is a trustee (Khalifs), whose role is to take responsibility for the protection of God’s creation and execute good values for a great civilization. The objectives of this study are to review the principle of the noble values of modern biotechnology, and develop practical indicators for this principle. The study was conducted using a descriptive literature review and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) among stakeholders. It was found that the noble values principle consists of four sub-principles, which are: 1) integrity; 2) accountability; 3) transparency and; 4) objectivity and disinterestedness. The indicators for this principle referred to two suggestions from the stakeholders, which were 1) each of the sub-principles should have its indicators, or 2) to use one line of a self-declaration from modern biotechnology practitioners as the indicator to ensure the noble values principles have been incorporated.

ABSTRAK

Malaysia telah menggubal Akta Biokeselamatan 2007 dan peraturannya, iaitu Peraturan Biokeselamatan (Kelulusan dan Pemberitahuan) 2010, untuk memastikan biokeselamatan pada bioteknologi moden di Malaysia terjaga. Undang-undang dan peraturan semasa dilihat tidak mempertimbangkan sepenuhnya masalah etika yang timbul dalam bioteknologi moden. Selain empat prinsip utama yang diusulkan oleh ahli bioetika terkenal, Beauchamp dan Childress, terdapat prinsip penting lain yang harus diambil kira. Dalam Islam, setiap manusia adalah pemegang amanah (Khalifah) yang berperanan memikul tanggungjawab untuk melindungi ciptaan Tuhan dan melaksanakan nilai-nilai baik bagi sebuah peradaban yang hebat. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji prinsip nilai murni dalam bioteknologi moden dan membangunkan indikator yang praktikal bagi prinsip ini. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan tinjauan literatur deskriptif dan perbincangan kumpulan fokus (FGD)  dalam kalangan pihak berkepentingan. Hasil mendapati bahawa prinsip nilai murni terdiri daripada empat sub-prinsip iaitu 1) integriti; 2) akauntabiliti; 3) ketelusan dan 4) objektiviti dan tidak-berkepentingan (disinterestedness). Indikator bagi prinsip ini, merujuk kepada dua cadangan daripada pihak berkepentingan iaitu 1) setiap sub-prinsip harus mempunyai indikator tersendiri, dan 2) satu ayat perakuan dari pengamal bioteknologi moden dijadikan sebagai indikator, bagi memastikan prinsipprinsip nilai-nilai murni diguna pakai.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Amin, L., Md. Jahi, J. & Md Nor, A. B. 2013. Stakeholders’ attitude towards Genetically Modified Foods and Genetically Modified Medicine. Scientific World Journal, Article ID 516742, 14.

Beauchamp, T. L & Childress, J. F. 2001. Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 5th ed. New York City: Oxford University Press.

Biotechcrop homepage. 2010. http://www.biotechcorp.com.my/Pages/National Biotechnology-Policy.aspx?AudienceId=1[17th May 2019].

Chamsi-Pasha, H. & Albar, M. A. 2013. Western Islamic bioethics: How close is the gap? Avicenna Journal of Medicine 3(1): 8-14.

Dekhili, S. & Achabou, M. A. 2014. Eco-labelling brand strategy: Independent certification ersus self-declaration. European Business Review 26(4): 305-329.

Diaz-Chavez, R. 2014. Indicators for socio-economic sustainability assessment (Chapter 2). Rutz, D. & Janssen, R. (eds.). Socio-Economic Impacts of Bioenergy Production. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

Hasim, N. A., Amin, L., Mahadi, Z., Mohamed Yusof, N. A., Che Ngah, A., Yaacob, M. & Abdul Aziz, A. 2019. Modern biotechnology: Applications, status, ethical issues and perspectives of researchers and industries on the key ethical principles. Akademika 89(1): 57-59.

Hasim, N. A., Amin, L., Mahadi, Z. Mohamed Yusof, N. A., Che Ngah, A., Yaacob, M. Olesen, A. P. O. & Abdul Aziz, A. 2020. The integration and harmonisation of secular and Islamic ethical principles in formulating acceptable ethical principles in formulating acceptable ethical guidelines for modern biotechnology in Malaysia. Science and Engineering Ethics 26: 1797-1825.

Idris, S. H., Lee, W. C. & Baharuddin, A. 2013. Biosafety Act 2007: Does it really protect bioethical issues relating to GMOS. Journal of Agriculture Environment Ethics 26: 747-757.

Lawrence, D.J. 2007. The four principles of biomedical ethics: A foundation for current bioethical debate. Journal of Chiropractic Humanity 14: 34-40.

Leisinger, K.M. 2000. Ethical challenges of agricultural biotechnology for developing country. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/06f9/1ae60b9acbac31cf87e9c15c00 6ae6 476d0a.pdf [17 May 2019].

Malaysia. 2007. Biosafety Act 2007 [Act 678].

National Framework of ethical Principles in Gene Technology. 2012. Australia: Gene technology ethics and community consultative committee. https://www.ogtr.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/2021-07/national_framework_of_ethical_principles.pdf [8 July 2012].

National Science Council. 2017. The Malaysian Code of Responsible Conduct in Research. Queensland Biotechnology Code of Ethics. 2006. Queensland Government. https://accountancy.uitm.edu.my/images/e-Sharing/Booklet_The_Malaysian_Code_of_ Responsible_Conduct_in_Research.pdf [1 September 2017].

Reiss, J. & Sprenger, J. 2017. Scientific Objectivity. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Rzymski, P. & Królczyk, A. 2016. Attitudes toward genetically modified organisms on Poland: to GMO? Food Section 8: 689-697.

Sulaiman, K.U. 2016. Moral responsibilities of man as khalifah: An exposition of the foundations of a just order. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law 9(5): 190-197.

Towards a Coherent Ethics Framework for Biotechnology in Canada. 1999. Canada: Interdepartmental Committee on Ethics of the Government of Canada.

UKCEN Clinical Ethics Network. 2013. Ethical framework. http://www.ukcen.net/ethical_issues/ethical_frameworks/the_ fourprinciples_of_biomedical_ethics [2 September 2013].


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


  ISSN: 1985-6830

eISSN: 2550-2271

JURNAL HADHARI: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
Institut Islam Hadhari
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi
Selangor, MALAYSIA.


Phone: +603-8921 7187/7176/6994
Fax: +603-8921 6990
Email: jhadhari@ukm.edu.my

Web: ejournals.ukm.my/jhadhari