Dinamika Islamik Parti PAS dan UMNO dalam Politik Malaysia (The Islamic Political Dynamics of PAS and UMNO in Malaysia)

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics and development of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) within the context of Malaysian politics, focusing on the evolution and transformation of these parties. Since their establishment, both parties have experienced significant shifts in the nation’s political landscape, particularly over the decades following their founding. Each general election has revealed patterns of change as the parties adapt to the political climate. The design of this study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing document and article analysis with a historical orientation toward both parties. The research analyzes several studies and journal articles discussing UMNO and PAS. Findings indicate that both parties have undergone notable transformations. UMNO, as the core party of Barisan Nasional (BN), faces challenges in maintaining its traditional Malay-Muslim voter base, leading it to adopt a more Islamic-oriented approach. Meanwhile, PAS, as the main Islamic party, has grappled with issues of identity and political strategytransitioning from being perceived as radical toward a more democratic Islamic stance. The factors influencing the relationship between the two parties include competition for Malay-Muslim voter support, religious issues, and shifting dynamics within the political landscape. Through analysis of research findings, journal articles, leaders’ speeches, and election results, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving UMNO-PAS relationship and its implications for the future of Malay-Islamic politics in Malaysia through their politics socialization. The findings reveal that during certain periods, both parties demonstrated flexibility to secure voter support, with UMNO and PAS continuing to play pivotal roles in shaping Malay-Islamic and national politics in Malaysia.