Perubahan Morfologi Bandar dan Usaha Pemuliharaan Bandar Lama Kecil di Malaysia Kajian Kes: Bandar Chukai (Urban Morphological Transformations and Conservation Initiatives in Small Town in Malaysia Case Study: Chukai Town)

MUHAMMAD AFIQ WASIE MOHD ASRI, NOR ZALINA HARUN, MUHAMMAD SOLEHIN FITRY ROSLEY, KHALILAH ZAKARIYA

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Berdasarkan kaedah yang digariskan oleh UNESCO World Heritage Centre dalam Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), kaedah pemetaan yang komprehensif merupakan langkah awal bagi menjamin keberkesanan pemuliharaan bandar bersejarah. Dalam konteks kajian pemetaan di peringkat tempatan, Kuala Lumpur, Georgetown dan Melaka adalah antara bukti pemuliharaan bandar bersejarah yang berkesan di Malaysia. Data pemetaannya telah diurus dengan baik sehingga mendorong kepada pelan pelaksanaan pemuliharaan yang lengkap. Namun situasi sebaliknya berlaku ke atas bandar bersejarah bersaiz kecil. Akibatnya, berlaku gangguan terhadap morfologi bandar bersejarah sehingga mengancam aset warisan setempat terutamanya melibatkan bangunan warisan. Justeru, kajian ini berhasrat untuk meneroka tahap pelaksanaan pemetaan warisan di sebuah bandar pesisir air iaitu Bandar Chukai, Terengganu. Selain itu, kajian ini turut mencadangkan data pemetaan terkini sebagai langkah terkehadapan dalam memelihara morfologi bandar bersejarah. Kajian ini memperoleh dapatan melalui data pemetaan yang pernah dilaksanakan secara berfasa dan temu bual separa berstruktur bersama pihak berautoriti dalam pelaksanaan kerja pemuliharaan bandar ini. Responden terdiri daripada pegawai muzium daerah, perancang bandar di peringkat daerah dan peringkat negeri. Data yang diperolehi telah dianalisis menggunakan Analisa bertema yang bersandarkan kepada garis panduan daripada implementasi HUL. Hasil kajian mendapati berlakunya pengabaian pemuliharaan khususnya dalam pelaksanaan pemetaan oleh pihak berautoriti. Kelompongan ini lalu mendorong kepada gangguan morfologi bandar khususnya terhadap plot bangunannya. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa kelompongan dalam peringkat awal pemuliharaan memerlukan perhatian serius. Sebagai salah satu kaedah penyelesaian, kajian ini mengemukakan penghasilan pemetaan terkini menggunakan kaedah GIS bagi tujuan rujukan kajian akan datang dalam konteks mengenal pasti aset warisan melalui bangunan warisan yang masih berdiri di Bandar Chukai.

Kata kunci: Bandar bersejarah; morfologi; warisan; pemetaan; pemuliharaan

 

ABSTRACT: According to the guidelines provided by the UNESCO World Heritage Center in the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), the initial step towards ensuring the success of historic urban conservation is to implement a thorough mapping technique. Kuala Lumpur, Georgetown, and Malacca serve as examples of successful preservation of historic cities in Malaysia within the scope of local mapping studies. The mapping data has been well administered, resulting in a comprehensive implementation strategy for conservation. Conversely, small-scale historical cities experience the reverse scenario. Consequently, the morphology of the historic city is disturbed, posing a risk to the preservation of the local heritage especially involving historic buildings. Hence, this study aims to investigate the extent to which heritage mapping has been implemented in Chukai Town, a seaside city located in Terengganu. Furthermore, this study proposes that the most recent mapping data represents a significant advancement in the conservation of the morphology of the historic city. This study acquired results by utilizing data mapping techniques and conducting semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders involved in the city’s conservation efforts. The participants comprised of museum administrators at the district level, as well as urban planners at both the district and state levels. The acquired data has been examined through thematic analysis, following the criteria outlined in the HUL implementation. The study’s findings revealed a significant prevalence of conservation negligence, particularly in the execution of mapping by the authorities. This collective subsequently results in the morphological disruption of the urban area, particularly affecting the allocation of land for construction purposes. This study argues that the inequality in the early stages of conservation requires careful attention. Ultimately, this study culminates in the development of a map using GIS techniques as a viable solution approach to identify the heritage assets through historical buildings that are still standing.

Keywords: Historic town; morphology; heritage; mapping; conservation


Keywords


Bandar bersejarah; morfologi; warisan; pemetaan; pemuliharaan

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