Muzium Pahang dan Isu Penjajahan British di Tanah Melayu (Pahang Museum and British Colonial Issues in Malaya)
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Klas Grinell menegaskan dalam carta UNESCO (1945) bahawa trauma kemusnahan manusia akibat Perang Dunia Kedua boleh diubati dengan warisan tamadun ilmu, sejarah, budaya dan seni. Oleh itu, UNESCO dan ICOM (Majlis Muzium Antarabangsa) menekankan peranan besar yang perlu dimainkan oleh muzium untuk tujuan menjaga dan mempelajari warisan sejarah dan budaya ini. Namun begitu, terdapat tiga paradigma yang dipegang khususnya dalam kalangan penganut Islam membabitkan peranan muzium ini. Pertama, golongan yang memusuhi muzium secara mutlak. Kedua, golongan yang menerima konsep muzium baharu secara mutlak dan ketiga, golongan reformis yang mengambil sikap selektif terhadap institusi muzium. Hal ini demikian kerana idea penubuhan muzium itu sendiri pada awalnya dicetuskan oleh penjajah khususnya British bagi tujuan mengumpulkan hasil-hasil alam semula jadi dan koleksi-koleksi berharga di Tanah Melayu. Dalam masa yang sama, mereka mengasaskan ilmu kolonial bagi mengkaji masyarakat tanah jajahan secara tuntas demi kepentingan penjajahan. Setelah Tanah Melayu merdeka, muzium dilihat menyumbang kepada pembangunan negara, menjadi agen penyebar ilmu pengetahuan, serta memupuk identiti bangsa. Objektif utama makalah ini adalah untuk mendedahkan peranan Muzium Pahang dalam menghadapi isu-isu penjajahan British di Tanah Melayu. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah pensejarahan dengan menganalisis sumbersumber penyelidikan, bahan-bahan penerbitan, koleksi-koleksi serta galeri-galeri Muzium Pahang khususnya Galeri Kesultanan Melayu Pahang dan Islam di Pahang. Hasilnya, kajian ini mendapati Muzium Pahang telah mendedahkan isu-isu penjajahan British di Tanah Melayu melalui siri-siri penyelidikan, kolokium, penerbitan serta pameran yang diadakan. Penubuhan Pusat Kajian Sejarah dan Tamadun Al-Sultan Abdullah – Muzium Pahang (AL-ASAR) telah menggiatkan lagi kajian ilmiah berkaitan ilmu kolonial di alam Melayu dengan menjawab teori-teori orientalis Barat, kesannya terhadap Islam dan pembentukan institusi muzium di Malaysia. Isu-isu penjajahan ini perlu dipelajari bagi memastikan agar penjajahan kuasa asing tidak lagi berulang di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: ICOM; warisan sejarah; isu penjajahan; galeri; Muzium Pahang
ABSTRACT: Klas Grinell explains that the UNESCO chart (1945) asserts that the trauma of human destruction as a result of the Second World War can be cured with the legacy of civilizations of knowledge, history, culture, and art. Therefore, UNESCO and ICOM emphasize the huge role that museums need to play for the purpose of preserving and studying this historical and cultural heritage. However, among Muslims, there are three paradigms held, especially involving the role of this museum. First, those who are categorically hostile to museums. Second, those who accepted the concept of a museum in absolute terms, and thirdly, the reformers who took a selective stance on the institution of the museum. Unfortunately, the idea of the establishment of the museum itself was initially triggered by British, for the purpose of collecting natural products and valuable collections in Malaya. They also founded colonial knowledge to study the community in the interests of colonization. After independence, the museum was seen as contributing to the development of the country, becoming a leading agency in science, and fostering the nation’s identity. The objective of this paper is to reveal the role of the Pahang Museum in the face of British colonial issues in Malaya. The main sources of the study will be the collections of the Pahang Museum, which will be analyzed using the historiography method. As a result, this study found that the Pahang Museum has exposed the issues of British colonialism in Malaya through a series of research projects, colloquiums, publications, and current exhibitions. Establishment of AL-ASAR has furthered these studies by responding to Western orientalist theories, its impact on Islam and the establishment of museum institutions in Malaysia. These colonial issues need to be learned to ensure that the colonization of foreign powers is no longer repeated in Malaysia.
Keywords: ICOM; historical heritage; colonial issue; gallery; Pahang Museum
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