Kanak-kanak Belajar Membaca Menggunakan Buku Cerita Dwibahasa (Children Learning to Read with Dual Language Storybooks)
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Dalam sistem pendidikan Singapura, dua bahasa wujud secara berasingan: bahasa Inggeris bahasa pengantar bagi semua mata pelajaran teras seperti Matematik dan Sains manakala bahasa Ibunda dipelajari sebagai satu mata pelajaran. Kajian antarabangsa menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan ini, dalam suasana kehidupan masyarakat yang di dominasi bahasa Inggeris, bukanlah yang terbaik untuk menghasilkan pelajar yang selesa dan cekap menggunakan bahasa Ibunda di samping bahasa Inggeris. Kadar kanak-kanak Singapura yang lebih kerap menggunakan bahasa Inggeris di rumah daripada bahasa Ibunda telah meningkat tahun demi tahun, menjejaskan pelestarian bahasa Ibunda sebagai bahasa seharian. Dalam usaha mengembalikan minat dan keupayaan kanak-kanak Melayu membaca dalam bahasa Melayu, kajian yang dilaporkan dalam kertas kerja ini menyelidiki nilai strategi yang melibatkan kanak-kanak prasekolah membaca bersama ibu bapa dan rakan sebaya dalam bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris dengan menggunakan buku cerita dwibahasa. Sepuluh kanak-kanak prasekolah menyertai sesi membaca dengan ibu bapa mereka di rumah dan dengan rakan-rakan di sekolah selama enam bulan. Analisis nota lapangan dan data temu bual menunjukkan bahawa kanak-kanak sedar akan perbezaan binaan kata, bunyi bahasa dan ejaan antara bahasa. Penggunaan strategi merentas bahasa termasuk amalan dwibahasa yang meliputi alih kod, terjemahan, dan pembinaan kosa kata dwibahasa. Satu kekuatan khusus buku dwibahasa ialah perancah yang disediakan bagi membantu kanak-kanak membaca dalam bahasa yang mereka belum kuasai. Peranan ibu bapa penting dalam memberi sokongan agar anak-anak dapat menggunakan Bahasa Ibunda dengan baik di samping Bahasa Inggeris dalam suasana yang mana kanak-kanak ini sudah mula tidak menggunakan bahasa Ibunda dengan aktif.
Kata kunci: Kedwibahasaan; dwiliterasi; buku dwibahasa; bahasa Melayu
ABSTRACT: In Singapore’s education system, two languages exist in isolation: English is the language of instruction for all core subjects such as Mathematics and Science while the Mother Tongue is learned as a subject. In a society where English is the dominant language, this is not an approach that can best produce students who are comfortable and proficient in the Mother Tongue besides English. Indeed, more children in Singapore are growing up in homes where English is now the preferred language which threatens the viability of the Mother Tongue as an everyday language. In an effort to develop children’s interest in Malay and their capacity to read in the language, the study reported in this paper examined the value of a strategy that involved preschool Malay children and their families doing shared reading in both Malay and English using dual language storybooks. Ten pre-schoolers participated in reading sessions with their parents at home and with their friends in school for six months. Analysis of field notes and interview data indicate that children were aware of the differences in the structure of words, sounds and spelling across languages. Parents used dual language strategies which included code switching, translation and bilingual vocabulary. A particular strength of bilingual books is the scaffolding they provide children with to read in a language they are weak in. Parents play an important role in helping their children learn to become additive bilinguals in a situation in which they were losing the active use their mother tongue.
Keywords: Bilingualism; biliteracy; dual language books; Malay language
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