Teknologi Pembuatan Atap Genting Struktur Monumen Jeti dan Syahbandar Kompleks Arkeologi Sungai Batu: Interpretasi Awalan Berdasarkan Analisis Petrografi, Belauan Sinar-X (XRD) dan Pendarfluor Sinar-X (XRF) (Technology of Roof Tile Making for Jetty and Administrative Monument at Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex: Preliminary Interpretation Based on Analysis of Petrography, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF))

MOHD HASFARISHAM ABD HALIM, MOKHTAR SAIDIN

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Kajian arkeologi di Kompleks Arkeologi Sungai Batu, Kedah telah menemukan artifak atap genting yang bertaburan di tapak monumen jeti dan syahbandar. Temuan tersebut jelas mendedahkan industri pembuatan atap genting telah bermula di kawasan Semenanjung Tanah Melayu sejak 582 Sebelum Masihi berdasarkan pentarikhan struktur monumen berkenaan. Atap genting tersebut dihasilkan daripada tanah liat yang diperoleh dari kawasan berdekatan dengan Kompleks Arkeologi Sungai Batu, ditumbuk sebelum diuli dan dibakar di dalam relau pada suhu sehingga 1400°C berdasarkan kehadiran mineral mulit dan kristobolit. Kesemua data berkenaan memperlihatkan perkembangan teknologi penghasilan dan pembinaan yang telah pesat berlangsung di kawasan ini semenjak sebelum kurun pertama Masihi.

Kata kunci: Monumen; atap genting; analisis saintifik; teknologi pembuatan; Kompleks Arkeologi Sungai Batu

 

ABSTRACT: Archaeological excavations at the Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex in Kedah have unearthed dispersed roof tile artefacts around the jetty and administrative monument sites. The findings unequivocally establish that the Malay Peninsula’s roof tile manufacturing business began in the 582nd century BCE, based on the age of the monument construction. The roof tile is formed of clay from the Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex, pounded prior to kneading, and burnt in a clay furnace at temperatures of up to 1400 °C due to the presence of mullite and cristobolite minerals. Much of this evidence demonstrates the tremendous advancement of manufacturing and construction technology in this region since the early first century AD.

Keywords: Monument; roof tile; scientific analysis; manufacturing technology; Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex


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