Keharmonian Masyarakat Melalui Perayaan Rakyat

Abstract

Perayaan rakyat merupakan sebuah identiti yang amat penting dalam konteks budaya dan kehidupan sosial sesebuah kumpulan masyarakat. Melalui sambutan perayaan rakyat, usaha untuk memelihara tinggalan nenek moyang mahupun pewujudan tapak integrasi dalam masyarakat dapat dilakukan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendalami konsep perayaan rakyat yang menjadi kata kunci utama dalam penelitian terhadap konteks hubungan harmoni yang berlaku dalam sesebuah kelompok masyarakat. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah kaedah kualitatif. Penelitian sumber sorotan literatur adalah berasaskan sumber kepustakaan seperti artikel dalam jurnal, bab dalam buku, buku, laporan kerajaan dan keratan akhbar berkenaan konsep perayaan rakyat. Antara perbincangan menarik yang ditemui oleh pengkaji adalah berkenaan komponen-kompenen yang lazimnya terdapat dalam sesebuah sambutan perayaan rakyat yang ada kaitannya perayaan rakyat dengan sektor-sektor tertentu seperti sektor pelancongan, pertanian, hiburan dan kaitannya dalam pengamalan budaya warisan. Tambahan lagi, kajian ini turut meneliti implikasi sambutan perayaan rakyat terhadap hubungan harmoni antara masyarakat pelbagai etnik di Malaysia. Oleh itu, adalah diharapkan agar kajian ini mampu membantu dalam mengukuhkan lagi asas pemahaman mengenai perayaan rakyat dan hubungan harmoni dalam masyarakat Malaysia.

Kata kunci: Keharmonian masyarakat, hubungan harmoni, perayaan rakyat, budaya, kajian literatur.

Abstract

Folk festivals is a very important identity in the context of the culture and social life of a group of people. Through the celebration of the folk festival, efforts to preserve the relics of ancestors, as well as the creation of integration sites in society can be done. This study was conducted to deepen the concept of folk festival which is the main keyword in the study of the context of harmonious relations that occur in a society. The research methodology used in this study is a qualitative method through literature reviews that examine library sources such as articles in journals, chapters in books, books, government reports and newspapers on the concept of folk festivals. Among the interesting discussions found by the researcher are about the components that are commonly found in a folk festival celebration as well as research on the relationship between folk festivals and certain sectors such as tourism, agriculture, entertainment and its relevance in the practice of heritage culture. In addition, this study also examines the implications of the celebration of folk festivals on harmonious relations in Malaysia. Therefore, it is hoped that this study can help in further strengthening the foundation of the understanding of the folk festival and harmonius relationship among plural society of Malaysia.

Keywords: Community harmony, harmonious relations, folk festival, culture, literature review.

Rujukan

Abdul Rahman Embong, (2018). Ethnicity and Class: Divides and Dissent in Malaysian Studies. Southeast

Asian Studies. Vol. 7. No. 3. 281-307. DOI:10.20495/seas.7.3_281 @Center for South Asian Studies,
Kyoto University

Báez, A., & Devesa, M. (2014). Segmenting and profiling attendees of a film festival. International Journal
of Event and Festival Management.

Brauner, C. A. (1983). A Study of the Newport Folk Festival and the NewportFolk Foundation (Doctoral dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland).

Crompton, J. L., & McKay, S. L. (1997). Motives of visitors attending festival events. Annals of tourism
research, 24(2), 425-439.

Davis, R. (2010). Festivals and Folklife: Project Planning for Cultural Festivals: An Introductory guide.
Memorial. University of Newfoundland: England.

Dodds, R., Jenkins, B., Smith, W. W., & Pitts, R. E. (2019). They do pay! Event merchandise attributes that
affect sales and profits at a folk festival. International Journal of Hospitality and Event
Management, 2(2), 95-108.

Dorson, Richard M. (1976). "Oral JAterature, Oral History, and the Folklorist," Folklore and Fakelore:
Essays Toward a Discipline of Folk Studies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Falassi, A. (1987). Festival: Definition and morphology. Time out of Time: Essays on the Festival, 1.

Jessica Low Peck Yee. (1990). Perubahan Pucuk Pimpinan di Sabah. Latihan Ilmiah Ijazah Sarjana Muda
Sastera. Jabatan Antropologi dan Sosiologi; Universiti Malaya. Tidak diterbitkan.

Kõmmus, H. (2019). How the Concepts of Folk Music Emerge: The Terminology of Folk Music Festivals. Etnomusikologian vuosikirja, 31, 112-142.

Kruger, M., & Saayman, M. (2016). A 3E typology of visitors at an electronicdance music festival. International Journal of Event and Festival Management.

Kurin, R. (1994). The Festival: making culture public. Festival of American Folklife Booklet, 6-11.

Lee, K. Y., & Lee, H. (2019). Traditional costume experience at a cultural heritage festival. Tourism
Management Perspectives, 32, 100555.

Maráková, V., Ďaďo, J., Táborecká-Petrovičová, J., & Rajic, T. (2018). Visitors’ motivation for attending
traditional cultural events as the basis for market segmentation: evidence from Slovakia. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 66(2), 543-551.

Moe, J. F. (1977). Folk Festivals and Community Consciousness: Categories of the Festival Genre. Indiana
University

Özbilgin, M. Ö., & Mellish, L. (2018). The Cultural Development of Folk Dance Festivals and the Sustainability of Tradition.
Phukan, P., & Borah, B. (2020). Chagramisawa: The Popular folk-festival of the Tiwa. Gorteria Journal.
Volume 33, Issue 12 – 2020

Romzi A., Totu, A., Ling, J. W. K., Tibok, R. P., & Gansau, J. (2020). Preserving Native Culture Through
Traditional Costumes And Textiles: The Case Of The Rungus Community In Sabah,
Malaysia. transformation, 29(8s), 3994-3998.

Seligman, E. R., & Johnson, A. (1937). Encyclopedia of the. Social Sciences, III, VI, XIV. New York: The
Macmillan Co.

Sharifah Darmia Binti Sharif Adam. (2020). Pengaruh Budaya dalam Keharmonian Etnik di Sabah. Persidangan Antarabangsa Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan ke-5 (PASAK5 2020) – Dalam Talian 24 & 25
November 2020. e-ISBN: 978 967 2122 78 4

Shchelkina, E. A. (2016). Modern Forms of Folk Festival and Folk Cultural Traditions. Journal of Siberian
Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 6 (2016 9) 1513-1520
Smith, R. J. (1972). Festivals and Celebrations. Folklore and Folklife: An Introduction, 159-72.

Stephen, W. G., & Brigham, J. C. (1985). Intergroup contact [Special issue]. Journal of Social Issues, 41(3),
1-179.

Tien, N. N., Thanh, T. T. C., & Le Hang, N. T. (2019). Determinants and Solutions for Improving the
Efficiency of Tourism Business. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Business, 5(1), 14-19.

Turner, V. (1977). In and Out of Time: Festivals, Liminality, and Communitas.Dlm Smithsonian Institution.(1978). 1978 Festival of American Folklife, 7-8. Diakses melalui https://folklifemedia.si.edu/docs/festival/program-books/FESTBK1978.pdf pada 28 April 2022.

Wang, Y. (2021). When Tradition Meets Modernity—The Contemporary Changes of the" Sanyuesan" Festival of She Ethnic Group in Jingning, Zhejiang Province. รายงานการประชุม วิชาการ เสนอ ผล งาน วิจัย
ระดับ ชาติและ นานาชาติ, 1(14), 201.

Yolal, M., Woo, E., Cetinel, F. and Uysal, M. (2012). Comparative research of motivations across different
festival products. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 3, pp. 66-80