Kajian Kebolehpasaran Graduan Program Antropologi dan Sosiologi Sebelum dan Semasa Pandemik Covid-19

Abstract

Pada era modenisasi, graduan menghadapi halangan dan cabaran untuk keluar daripada status pengangguran. Persaingan graduan mendapatkan pekerjaan semakin meningkat berikutan penambahan jumlah graduan yang bergraduasi setiap tahun. Keadaan ekonomi yang merosot disebabkan oleh pandemik COVID19 turut meningkatkan lagi tahap kesukaran graduan untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan sesuai dengan kelayakan yang dimiliki. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti pola kebolehpasaran graduan sebelum dan semasa pandemik COVID-19, mengenal pasti faktor yang mempengaruhi kebolehpasaran serta peranan modal sosial terhadap kebolehpasaran graduan. Kajian ini dijalankan ke atas 106 orang responden yang terdiri daripada graduan Program Antropologi & Sosiologi Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia yang bergraduasi pada tahun 2018, 2019 dan 2020. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan responden dipilih melalui kaedah pensampelan rawak mudah berstrata. Data kajian dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan perisian Statistical Packages for The Social Science (SPSS) versi 20. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kebolehpasaran graduan ANSOS UKM yang bergraduasi sebelum dan semasa pandemik berada pada tahap yang sangat baik dan stabil. Kemahiran teknologi digital merupakan salah satu faktor yang boleh meningkatkan tahap kebolehpasaran graduan dan merupakan satu keperluan bagi kebanyakan majikan. Akhir sekali, dapatan kajian menunjukkan faktor modal sosial yang diperoleh mahasiswa sepanjang pengajian di universiti memberikan pengaruh dan impak positif terhadap tahap kebolehpasaran graduan. Kesimpulannya, graduan haruslah mempersiapkan diri dengan mengasah kemahiran dan membina modal sosial semasa masih bergelar mahasiswa bagi meningkatkan kebolehpasaran diri untuk bersaing dalam pasaran pekerjaan. Implikasi kajian ini terhadap usaha berterusan dalam memastikan kelestarian kebolehpasaran graduan khususnya dalam bidang, di samping memperkasa graduan secara menyeluruh.

Kata kunci: : Kebolehpasaran, pekerjaan, graduan, modal sosial, pandemik COVID-19

Abstract

In this era of modernization, most graduates are likely to face various challenges and hardships in effort to get themselves out of the state of unemployment. Year by year, the competition amongst graduates to obtain a solid occupation is becoming tougher following the increment in the total number of graduates. The declining nation’s economy status due to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic has also become the leading reason for why those graduates find more difficult to secure job opportunities that suits their credibility. For that reason, this study had been conducted to identify the trend in employability of graduates both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, identify the factors that affect employability as well as the role of social capital on the graduates’ employability. This study had been conducted on a total number of 106 respondents which were comprised of the graduates of the Anthropology and Sociology (ANSOS) Program, National University of Malaysia (UKM) who graduated on the year of 2018, 2019 and 2020. This study was quantitative research whereby the respondents had been selected via the technique of stratified simple random sampling. The collected data had been analyzed descriptively using Statistical Packages for The Social Science (SPSS) version 20 software. The results of this study showed that the employability level of the ANSOS UKM graduates who graduated before and after the COVID-19 pandemic was satisfactory. Knowledge in digital technology is one of the factors that can increase graduate employability and need in the eyes of most employers. Lastly, social capital influence and have a positive impact on graduate employability. In conclusion, graduates should prepare themselves by honing their skills and building social capital as much as possible while still being students to increase their employability to compete in work market. The implications of this study on the ongoing efforts to ensure the sustainability of graduates' employability, especially in the field, in addition to empowering graduates as a whole.

Keywords: Employability, works, graduate, social capital, COVID-19 pandemic

Rujukan

Amanuddin, S., Khairon Hamizah, M. I., Muhammad Naim, A, Nur Zahidah, N. M. & Thevamalar, A. (2013).
Graduate Unemployment: The Awareness and Perception of graduates towards government’s
initiatives. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 3(1), 15-24.

Batistic, S. & Tymon, A. (2017). Networking behavior, graduate employability: A social capital perspective.
Education and Training, 59(4), 374-388.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. In Richardson, J. G. Handbook of Theory and Research for the
Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood Press, 241-258.

Bridgstock, R. (2009). The graduate attributes we’ve overlooked: Enhancing graduate employability through
career management skills. Higher Education Research and Development. 28(1), 31-44.

Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundation of social theory. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Luo, M., Zhang, D., Shen, P. Yang, S. & Jia, P. (2021). COVID-10 Lockdown and social capital changes
among youths in China. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 1-6.

Nooriah, Y. & Zakiah, J. ( 2017). Pembangunan kebolehpasaran siswazah: Tindakan universiti dan cabaran
yang dihadapi. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar, 20(2017), x(x),15-32.

Nor Azira, A., Nor Suhaiza, M. K., Suzei, M. N. & Zarina, M. Z. (2020). Kajian kebolehpasaran siswazah
fakulti sains pentadbiran dan pengajian polisi, UITM. International Journal of Social Science
Research, 2(3), 144-155.

Norhayati, B., Ishak, Y. & Rahmah, I. (2012). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengangguran di Malaysia.
Prosiding PERKEM VII, 209 – 227

Norliana, H., Chang, P. K. & Mat Pauzi, A. R. (2016). STOPS: Mengungkai isu kebolehpasaran graduan di
Malaysia. Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication, 32(2), 139-164.

Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78.

Tomlinson, M., McCafferty, H. Fuge, H. & Wood, K. (2017). Resources and readiness: The Graduate capital
perspective as a new approach to graduate employability. Journal of the National Institute of Education
and Counselling, April (38), 28-35.

The World Bank. (2007). Malaysia and the Knowledge Economy: Building a World-Class Higher Education
System, March 2007