Peranan Kuala Lumpur sebagai bandar kreatif dalam pembentukan penggiat dan penonton kesenian Bangsawan (The role of Kuala Lumpur as a creative city in the formation of Bangsawan art activists and audiences)

Marlenny Deenerwan, Haneem Said

Abstract


Sejak era kegemilangan Bangsawan di Tanah Melayu sekitar tahun 1920-an, kesenian ini telah dikategorikan sebagai sebuah teater urban berikutan proses urbanisasi yang pesat di bandar-bandar tempat kesenian Bangsawan berkembang. Isu ini jarang dibincangkan dengan mendalam kerana penyelidikan sedia ada lebih memberikan tumpuan ke atas elemen seni persembahan yang terkandung dalam kesenian ini. Kajian bertujuan menganalisis peranan Kuala Lumpur sebagai sebuah faktor penting dalam pertumbuhan kumpulan Bangsawan dan juga kelompok penontonnya di Malaysia. Peranan ini seterusnya mengangkat kepentingan Kuala Lumpur sebagai sebuah kota kreatif dalam konteks pembangunan seni dan budaya. Kajian menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan kualitatif. Data kajian terhasil daripada temu bual dan juga analisis dokumen. Analisis kandungan dijalankan dengan mengaplikasikan model eksperimental Yokohama yang mengemukakan prinsip-prinsip pembangunan bandar kreatif seni dan budaya. Hasil kajian menemui peranan Kuala Lumpur yang berfungsi sebagai pusat pembangunan kegiatan Bangsawan terutamanya selepas merdeka. Kegiatan ini berhasil melahirkan begitu banyak kumpulan Bangsawan yang dianggotai oleh generasi muda dengan pendekatan yang lebih kontemporari dan kemunculan kelompok penonton yang lebih besar. Aplikasi model eksperimental Yokohama sebagai kerangka petunjuk dalam kajian ini menyerlahkan ciri-ciri Kuala Lumpur sebagai sebuah bandar kreatif seni dan budaya. Penilaian dilakukan berdasarkan inisiatif dan komitmen yang dicapai menerusi kegiatan Bangsawan. Menerusi tiga prinsip model yang dibincangkan, kesenian Bangsawan dan bandar raya Kuala Lumpur telah mencipta sinergi yang membentuk identiti Kuala Lumpur sebagai sebuah bandar kreatif seni dan budaya. Kegiatan Bangsawan berhasil membangunkan persekitaran kreatif serta menghimpun individu artistik dan kreatif di Kuala Lumpur. Program-program pementasan Bangsawan turut membina kluster industri kreatif yang mencetuskan aktiviti ekonomi. Pada masa yang sama, warga Kuala Lumpur turut berperanan dalam mencapai visi menghidupkan Kuala Lumpur sebagai bandar kreatif seni dan budaya. Hasilnya, Kuala Lumpur menjadi faktor utama dalam projek pemulihan semula ke atas seni tradisional paling berjaya yang pernah berlaku di Malaysia.

Kata kunci: Bangsawan, Kuala Lumpur, bandar kreatif, model eksperimental Yokohama, projek pemulihan semula, teater tradisional

Since its golden era in the Malay States in the 1920s, the Bangsawan art form was categorized as an urban theatre, due to the rapid urbanization in the cities the art form has been performed. This is a rarely discussed issue as the existing research focuses more on the elements of performing arts contained in Bangsawan art form. This research aims to analyse the role of Kuala Lumpur as an important factor in the growth of Bangsawan groups and their audience in Malaysia. Furthermore, this role raises the importance of Kuala Lumpur as a creative city in the context of arts and culture development. This study uses qualitative research methods. The data resulted from interviews as well as document analysis. Content analysis was conducted by applying the principles of the creative city of arts and culture of the Yokohama experimental model. The study found the role of Kuala Lumpur as a centre for the development of Bangsawan activities, especially in the post-Independence era. The activities successfully produced Bangsawan groups composed of the young generation with a contemporary approach as well as a large group of audiences. The application of the Yokohama experimental model as a framework in this study has highlights the feature of Kuala Lumpur as a creative city of arts and culture. The evaluation made on the initiative and commitment achieved through the Bangsawan activities. Through the discussion of the three principles of the model, Bangsawan and Kuala Lumpur have created synergies that have had a major impact on the identity of Kuala Lumpur as a creative city of arts and culture. Bangsawan's activities successfully develop a creative environment as well as bring together the artistic and creative individuals in Kuala Lumpur. The staging programs of Bangsawan have also created creative industry clusters that increase economic activities. In the meantime, the citizens of Kuala Lumpur play a role in achieving the vision of reviving Kuala Lumpur as a creative city of arts and culture. As a result, Kuala Lumpur has become a major factor in the most successful revival of traditional theatre that has ever happened in Malaysia.

Keywords: Bangsawan, Kuala Lumpur, creative city, Yokohama experimental model, revival project, traditional theatre


Keywords


Bangsawan; Kuala Lumpur; bandar kreatif; teater urban; projek pemulihan semula; teater tradisional

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