Analisis perubahan guna tanah Negeri Sembilan melalui aplikasi Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS)
Abstract
Abstrak
Perubahan guna tanah sesuatu kawasan yang menuntut eksploitasi terhadap alam sekitar telah menimbulkan pelbagai isu berkaitan dengan guna tanah seperti kawasan hutan telah digantikan dengan kawasan perbandaran dan kawasan pertanian. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji pola perubahan guna tanah di Negeri Sembilan daripada perspektif ruang dan masa antara tahun 1961 dan 2014, serta mengkaji faktor pendorong perubahan guna tanah yang berlaku. Data guna tanah yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah peta guna tanah Negeri Sembilan tahun 1961 dan 2014 serta data sekunder lain. Guna tanah di kawasan kajian telah dibahagikan kepada empat jenis iaitu guna tanah bandar, guna tanah pertanian, guna tanah hutan dan guna tanah lain-lain. Hasil analisis menggunakan ArcGIS 9.3 telah menunjukkan perubahan yang ketara dalam setiap jenis guna tanah. Proses analisis tindanan peta dilakukan bagi mengetahui perubahan keluasan yang berlaku pada setiap jenis guna tanah. Guna tanah pertanian mengalami perubahan paling tinggi dari tahun 1961 sehingga 2014, manakala guna tanah perbandaran mengalami perubahan paling rendah. Guna tanah hutan pula telah mengalami pengurangan dari tahun 1961 sehingga 2014. Perubahan guna tanah berlaku disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor iaitu penambahbaikan polisi melalui Akta Perancangan Bandar dan Desa 1976, pertambahan populasi penduduk, jaringan pengangkutan, ekonomi dan konurbasi bandar Kuala Lumpur. Kajian ini dilihat dapat membantu dalam proses pembuatan keputusan bagi mengawal perubahan dan perancangan guna tanah yang berlaku dalam cara yang lebih sistematik dan memastikan kemampanan alam sekitar pada masa akan datang.
Kata kunci: analisis guna tanah, ArcGIS, faktor perubahan, guna tanah, Sistem Maklumat Geografi, pola perubahan
Analysis of land use changes of Negeri Sembilan using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Abstract
The land use changes of an area, an indication of exploitation on the environment, have led to various issues related to land use such as forest areas have been replaced with urban areas and agricultural areas. The purpose of this study was to examine the land use changes in Negeri Sembilan in terms of space and time between the year of 1961 and 2014 as well as to study the driving factors of land use changes. Land use data obtained in this analysis is a land use map of Negeri Sembilan in 1961 and 2014 as well as other secondary data. Land use in the study area was divided into four types of land use which are urban land use, agriculture land use, forest land use and other land use. The analysis using Arc GIS 9.3 has demonstrated a significant change in each type of land use. The map overlay analysis was conducted to determine the total change area for each type of land use. Agriculture land use has the highest changes from 1961 to 2014 and the urban land use has the lowest changes. While forest land use has decreased from 1961 to 2014. Land use changes occur due to several factors such as the improvement of the policy through “Akta Perancangan Bandar dan Desa 1976”, the increase in population, transportation links, economy and Kuala Lumpur conurbation. This study is seen to assist in decision making processes to control changes in land use and land use planning in a more systematic way to ensure environmental sustainability in the future.
Keywords: land use analysis, ArcGIS, change factor, land use, Geographic Information System, change pattern
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