Impak sosioekonomi bencana banjir 2014: Tindakan penyesuaian dan kesiapsiagaan lokal (The socioeconomic impact of 2014 flood disaster: Local adaptation and preparedness)
Abstract
Bencana banjir 2014 merupakan kejadian yang terburuk dalam sejarah Malaysia. Oleh itu, tindakan penyesuaian dan kesiapsiagaan penduduk dari semasa ke semasa adalah penting bagi memastikan impak dan risiko bencana banjir dapat dikurangkan. Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti impak bencana banjir 2014 terhadap kegiatan sosioekonomi penduduk dan tindakan penyesuaian serta kesiapsiagaan yang dilakukan penduduk Hulu Dungun bagi menghadapi fenomena bencana banjir. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah temu bual mendalam dan pemerhatian tidak ikut serta. Seramai 15 orang informan telah dipilih dalam kalangan mangsa banjir daripada tiga buah kampung di Hulu Dungun, iaitu Kampung Minda, Kampung Pasir Raja dan Kampung Kuala Jengai. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa bencana banjir 2014 memberi impak yang cukup besar terhadap kegiatan ekonomi dan sosial harian penduduk Hulu Dungun terutama kepada penduduk yang menjadikan aktiviti pertanian dan perikanan sebagai sumber pendapatan utama mereka. Bencana banjir juga mendatangkan pelbagai gangguan dan tekanan fizikal, sosial dan emosi mangsa. Komuniti ini mengambil inisiatif dengan melaksanakan tindakan penyesuaian dan kesiapsiagaan bagi menghadapi ancaman banjir di kawasan tempat tinggal mereka. Selain itu, terdapat tindakan penyesuaian dan kesiapsiagaan jangka masa pendek dan panjang yang dilakukan komuniti ini dengan bantuan pihak kerajaan. Langkah penyesuaian dan kesiapsiagaan menghadapi fenomena bencana banjir ini sangat penting bagi mengurangkan pengaruh atau kesannya terhadap kehidupan manusia. Kesimpulannya, komuniti berisiko perlu diberikan kesedaran tentang bahaya semasa berlakunya perubahan iklim yang berterusan, di samping pihak kerajaan juga perlu memantapkan langkah pengurusan bencana di kawasan cenderung banjir.
Kata kunci: bencana banjir, impak, ekonomi, sosial, penyesuaian, kesiapsiagaan
The 2014 flood disaster can be considered as the most severe in the history of Malaysia. As such, the degree of adaptation and preparedness among locals is important so that the risk and impact of flood disasters can be reduced. Hence, this study aims to analyze the impact of the 2014 flood disaster on the socioeconomic activities of the local people in Hulu Dungun, their adaptation measures and their preparations to minimize the effects of flood disaster. The study adopted a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews and non-participant observation methods. A total of 15 informants were selected among the flood victims from three villages in Hulu Dungun, namely Kampung Minda, Kampung Pasir Raja and Kampung Kuala Jengai. The results showed that the 2014 flood disaster had a significant impact on the daily economic and social activities of the population in Hulu Dungun, especially on those who make agriculture and fisheries their major sources of income. Floods disaster can also bring about various forms of physical, social and emotional disturbances and stress to the victims. These communities had taken initiatives to create immediate adaptations and preparations in case of upcoming flood threats to their homes. Apart from that, these communities with the help of the government had also implemented both short and long term adaptation and preparedness actions. The measures taken to face the flood disaster are very important in order to limit the disaster’s impact on human lives. In conclusion, the flood-risk communities have to be made aware of the hazards posed by flood disasters, and the government also needs to strengthen management measures in the flood prone zones in Hulu Dungun.
Keywords: flood disaster, impact, economy, social, adaptation, preparedness
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