Frasa Topik Dan Fokus Dalam Bahasa Melayu: Analisis Program Minimalis (Topic And Focus Phrase In Malay Language: Minimalist Program Analysis)

Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan, Syafika Atika Othman

Abstract


Kajian ini menganalisis semula mengenai kewujudan Frasa Topik (FTOP) dan Frasa Fokus (FFOK) yang terdapat dalam bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini timbul daripada isu berkenaan perbezaan Topik dan Fokus, penanda Topik dan Fokus, posisi Topik dan Fokus dalam struktur ayat serta pergerakannya dalam konstituen ayat. Tujuan kajian ini ialah mengenal pasti FTOP dan FFOK, menghuraikan struktur FTOP dan FFOK secara deskriptif dan menganalisis frasa tersebut dengan menggunakan kerangka Minimalis bagi memperlihatkan kewujudan frasa-frasa tersebut. Fokus dan Topik sering menjadi isu berikutan kedudukannya dalam struktur ayat. Data kajian diperoleh daripada data korpus UKM-DBP yang melibatkan ayat yang mengandungi kata yang dan partikel –lah yang hadir dalam bentuk ayat mudah. Kata yang dan partikal –lah dipilih bagi menentukan sama ada ia berfungsi sebagai Fokus, Topik ataupun penanda. Data tersebut dianalisis secara teoretikal menggunakan kerangka Program Minimalis. Hasil dapatan kajian ini mendapati bahasa Melayu mempunyai Frasa Topik (FTOP) dan Frasa Fokus (FFOK). Satu penemuan yang baru ialah wujudnya hierarki yang unik untuk bahasa Melayu. FFOK didapati terletak pada posisi yang lebih tinggi daripada FTOP. Kajian ini mendakwa bahawa bahasa Melayu mempunyai struktur berbeza daripada struktur sejagat yang dicadangkan oleh Rizzi (1995). Malah struktur FTOP dan FFOK dalam bahasa Melayu mempunyai kedudukan berbeza bagi ayat yang mengandungi kata yang dan partikel –lah atau kedua-duanya. Analisis ini mendapati bahawa FFOK mendahului FTOP iaitu satu penemuan yang berbeza daripada dakwaan Rizzi yang mencadangkan FTOP mendahului FFOK secara sejagat.

 

Kata kunci: Frasa Topik; Frasa Fokus; Program Minimalis; bahasa Melayu, data korpus

  

ABSTRACT

 

This study reanalyses the existence of Topic Phrase (TopP) and Focus Phrase (FocP) in the Malay language. This study arises from issues related to Topic and Focus differences, Topic and Focus markers, Topics and Focus positions in a sentence structure and movement within the structure among the constituents. The purpose of this study is to identify TopP and FocP, describe TopP and FocP and analyse both phrases using Minimalist Programme. Focus and Topic are often an issue due to its position in a sentence structure. The study data is derived from the UKM-DBP corpus data, which contains sentences containing the word yang and the particle -lah which are present in simple sentences. The word yang and the particle –lah are chosen to determine whether they function as Focus, Topics or Markers. The data were theoretically analyzed using the Minimalist Program framework. This study found that the Malay language has Topic Phrase (TopP) and Focus Phrase (FocP). A new discovery is the existence of a hierarchy that is unique to the Malay language. FocP is seen to be higher than TopP in the hierarchy. This study claims that the Malay language has a different structure compared to the universal structure that was proposed by Rizzi (1995). Even TopP and FocP in Malay have different positions in a sentence that contains the word yang and particles -lah or both. This analysis found that FocP precedes TopP in a Malay sentence structure, which is a different finding from Rizzi's claim that TopP precedes FocP universally.

 

Keywords: Topic Phrase; Focus Phrase; Minimalist Program; Malay language; corpus data


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2021-2102-10

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