Penggunaan Strategi Komunikasi dalam Rutin Perundingan Makna (The Use of Communication Strategies in Negotiation of Meaning Routine)

Rozita Che Omar, Jagdish Kaur

Abstract


Sifat kerjasama dalam komunikasi antara pelajar dan penutur natif dilihat dapat membantu meningkatkan kecekapan komunikatif pelajar. Kecekapan komunikatif merupakan pendekatan yang memberi fokus kepada interaksi dan komunikasi. Kajian ini merupakan sebuah kajian kualitatif yang menganalisis data yang diperolehi daripada interaksi pelajar bersama penutur natif bahasa Sepanyol. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat penggunaan strategi komunikasi (SK) dalam rutin perundingan makna oleh pelajar bahasa Sepanyol dalam komunikasi mediasi komputer secara sinkronis semasa perbualan bersama penutur natif berlangsung. Sebanyak 12 jenis SK yang dikaji dalam kajian ini. Seramai 60 orang pelajar elektif bahasa Sepanyol dari tiga buah universiti iaitu Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Universiti Utara Malaysia dan Universiti Putra Malaysia dipilih sebagai responden kajian. Responden terdiri daripada pelajar Tahap I, Tahap II dan Tahap III. Data utama kajian ialah teks perbualan pelajar bersama penutur natif dalam laman sembang atas talian. Perbualan ini merupakan perbualan bebas yang berlangsung selama dua jam bagi setiap sesi. Jumlah keseluruhan masa perbualan adalah selama 120 jam. Tujuan penggunaan SK adalah untuk meningkatkan kefasihan dan kelangsungan perbualan tanpa terlalu menitikberatkan ketepatan dalam konteks bahasa sasaran. Model Zhao (2010) dan Model Smith (2003) dijadikan panduan untuk melihat kepada fasa  rutin perundingan makna. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan  bahawa pelajar tanpa mengira tahap kecekapan bahasa menggunakan SK tertentu dalam setiap  fasa rutin perundingan makna. Penggunaan SK yang sesuai dalam rutin perundingan membantu pelajar untuk menjayakan komunikasi. Implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan para pelajar dapat meningkatkan kecekapan komunikatif  mereka dalam bahasa asing yang dipelajari.

 

Kata kunci: strategi komunikasi; perundingan makna; kecekapan komunikatif; kerjasama komunikasi; komunikasi mediasi komputer secara sinkronis

  


ABSTRACT

 

The nature of cooperation in communication among learners and native speakers are seen to assist in enhancing the learners’ communicative efficiency. Communicative competence is an approach that focuses on interaction and communication. This study is a qualitative study that analyses data from the students and native speakers’ online interaction. The study is conducted to identify the communication strategy (CS) in negotiation of meaning employed by the Spanish Language learners in synchronous computer mediated communication during their interaction with native speakers. 12 types of CS were researched in this study. Apart from that, this study also elaborated on the types of CS used in the meaning negotiation routine phase. 60 students who took the Spanish Language course as elective from 3 universities, namely National University of Malaysia, Universiti Utara Malaysia and Universiti Putra Malaysia were chosen as the respondents for this study. The respondents consisted of Level I, Level II and Level III students. The main data for this study was the conversational texts between the students and the native speakers via online chat rooms. The type of interaction done was free conversations that went on for 2 hours for each session. The total time duration for all of the conversations was 120 hours. The purpose of the use of CS is to increase the fluency and continuity of the conversations without considering too much on the accuracy of the target language context. The models by Zhao (2010) and Smith (2003) were also used as guidance to view the meaning negotiation routine phase. The findings of showed that Spanish language learners, regardless of their level of language proficiency applied CS in meaning negotiation routine phase. The application of appropriate CS in meaning negotiation routine phase helps the students to succeed in communication and enhance their communicative competence in the foreign language.

 

Keywords: Communication Strategies; Negotiation of Meaning; Communicative Competence; Collaborative Communication; Synchronous Computer Mediated Communication

 

DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2017-1701-12


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