ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens L.) LARVAE AS BIOCONVERSION AGENT FOR GROUND BANANA PEELS

Evahtira Gunggot, Maria Lourdes T. Lardizabal

Abstract


Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL) are insect larvae that can be utilized as a bioconversion agent. In this research, BSFL larvae were used as a bioconversion agent on ground banana peels (GBP) and chicken feed (CF). This research determined the effect of GBP as diet on larval weight increment (LWI), larval development time (LD), and the ability of BSFL to convert the GBP based on Approximate Digestibility (AD), Weight Reduction Index (WRI), and Efficiency of Conversion of Digested food (ECD). The study used 10-day-old BSFLs, which were fed with constant food amount of CF and GBP at levels of 50 g/day and different numbers of larvae (100, 200 and 300) were utilized. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design, with four replicates for each diet. Results showed that BSFL fed with CF has a better LWI (ranging between 1.33±0.38 g/d to 1.38±0.39 g/d). The LD results show that CF fed larvae resulted in faster development time (12±0.000001 days) compared to GBP fed larvae (30±0.14 days). The study also found that a greater number of larvae resulted in a more efficient bioconversion activity, where 300 larvae resulted in higher values for key parameters such AD (%), WRI (%) and ECD (%), compared to 200 and 100 larvae. The correlation analysis revealed no significant and weak negative relationship between the number of larvae and LD that were fed with CF (R2=-0.237, P>0.05). Similarly, when fed with GBP, there was no significant and weak positive relationship (R2=0.118, P>0.05) between the number of larvae and LD. Conversely, there was a highly significant strong positive relationship between the number of larvae with ECD when fed with CF (R2=0.946, P<0.001) and GBP (R2=0.946, P<0.001). In conclusion, the findings indicate that BSFLs fed with GBP have low WRI (%) and ECD (%).


Full Text:

PDF

References


Alzate Acevedo, S., Díaz Carrillo, Á.J., Flórez-López, E. & Grande-Tovar, C.D. 2021. Recovery of banana waste-loss from production and processing: A contribution to a circular economy. Molecules 26(17): 5282.

Amrul, N. F., Kabir Ahmad, I., Ahmad Basri, N. E., Suja, F., Abdul Jalil, N. A., and Azman, N. A. 2022. A Review of Organic Waste Treatment Using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). Sustainability 14(8): 4565.

Diener, S., Zurbrügg, C. & Tockner, K. 2009. Conversion of organic material by Black Soldier Fly larvae: Establishing optimal feeding rates. Waste Management & Research 27(6): 603–610.

Fadhillah, N. & Bagastyo, A.Y. 2020. Utilization of Hermetia illucens larvae as a bioconversion agent to reduce organic waste. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 506: 012005.

Salam, M., Alam, F., Dezhi, S., Nabi, G., Shahzadi, A., Hassan, S.U., Ali, M., Saeed, M.A., Hassan, J., Ali, N. & Bilal, M. 2021. Exploring the role of Black Soldier Fly larva technology for sustainable management of municipal solid waste in developing countries. Environmental Technology & Innovation 24: 101934.

Abd El-Hack, M., Shafi, M., Alghamdi, W., Abdelnour, S., Shehata, A., Noreldin, A., Ashour, E., Swelum, A., Al-Sagan, A., Alkhateeb, M., Taha, A., Abdel-Moneim, A.-M., Tufarelli, V. & Ragni, M. 2020. Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) meal as a promising feed ingredient for poultry: A comprehensive review. Agriculture 10(8): 339.

Agustiyani, D., Agandi, R., Arinafril, Nugroho, A.A. & Antonius, S. 2021. The effect of application of compost and frass from Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) on growth of pakchoi (Brassica rapa L.). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 762(1): 012036.

Barragan-Fonseca, K.B., Dicke, M. & van Loon, J.J.A. 2018. Influence of larval density and dietary nutrient concentration on performance, body protein, and fat contents of Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 166(9): 761–770.

Bohm, K., Hatley, G.A., Robinson, B.H. & Gutiérrez-Ginés, M.J. 2022. Black Soldier Fly -based bioconversion of biosolids creates high-value products with low heavy metal concentrations. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 180: 106149.

Cammack J.A. & Tomberline J.K. The impact of diet protein and carbohydrate on select life-history traits of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). 2017. Insects 8(2): 56.

Dabbou, S., Gai, F., Biasato, I., Capucchio, M.T., Biasibetti, E., Dezzutto, D., Meneguz, M., Plachà, I., Gasco, L. & Schiavone, A. 2018. Black Soldier Fly defatted meal as a dietary protein source for broiler chickens: Effects on growth performance, blood traits, gut morphology and histological features. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 9(1): 49.

Fairuz, L., Rasdi, M., Ishak, A., Wee Hua, P., Norashikin, S., Shaifuddin, M., Dom, N., Kari, Z., Rohana, S., Yatim, M., Atan Edinur, H., Megat Mokhtar, A., Ikhwan, R., Rashid, M. & Kelantan, U. 2023. Evaluating the growth and development of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae reared on different agricultural waste materials. Serangga 28(1): 55–68.

Isa, M.I.M. & Hasan, H.A. 2021. Monitoring of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) population in semi-captive controlled conditions. Serangga 26(4): 84-103.

Kashif Ur Rehman, Cai, M., Xiaopeng, X., Zheng, L., Wang, H., Abdul Fattah Soomro, Zhou, Y., Li, W., Yu, Z. & Zhang, J. 2017. Cellulose decomposition and larval biomass production from the co-digestion of dairy manure and chicken manure by mini-livestock (Hermetia illucens L.). Journal of Environmental Management 196: 458–465.

Lim, W., Chin, T. & Tee. 2016. Food waste handling in malaysia and comparison with other asian countries. International Food Research Journal 23: 1–6.

M. Kieβling, Franke, K., Heinz, V. & Aganovic, K. 2023. Relationship between substrate composition and larval weight: A simple growth model for Black Soldier Fly larvae. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 9(8): 1027–1036.

Nur, Z.R, Nur Huda, F. & Norlelawati, A. 2023. Nutritional content and bioactive compounds of banana peel and its potential utilization: A review. Malaysian Journal of Science Health and Technology 9(1): 74–86.

Pliantiangtam, N., Chundang, P. & Kovitvadhi, A. 2021. Growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and nutritional composition of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and prepupae reared on coconut endosperm and soybean curd residue with or without supplementation. Insects 12(8): 682.

Ramli, N., Majid, H.A.M.A., Nawawi, W.N.W., Ishak, F.A.C. & Maarof, S. 2022. The antecedents of household acceptance on food waste innovation products in Terengganu. International Academic Symposium of Social Science 2022.

Rehman, K. ur, Hollah, C., Wiesotzki, K., Rehman, R. ur, Rehman, A. U., Zhang, J., Zheng, L., Nienaber, T., Heinz, V. & Aganovic, K. 2022. Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens as a potential innovative and environmentally friendly tool for organic waste management: A mini-review. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 41(1):81-97.

Romano, N., Sinha, A., Powell, A. & Fischer, H. 2022. Mineral composition in Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and resulting frass from fruit and their peels. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 9(1): 1–12.

Shelomi, M. 2020. Potential of Black Soldier Fly production for pacific small island developing states. Animals 10(6): 1038.

Siddiqui, S.A., Ristow, B., Rahayu, T., Putra, N.S., Widya Yuwono, N., Nisa’, K., Mategeko, B., Smetana, S., Saki, M., Nawaz, A. & Nagdalian, A. 2022. Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) and their affinity for organic waste processing. Waste Management 140: 1–13.

Thi, N.B.D., Kumar, G. & Lin, C.-Y. 2015. An overview of food waste management in developing countries: Current status and future perspective. Journal of Environmental Management 157: 220–229.

Waldbauer, G.P. 1968. The consumption and utilization of food by insects. Advances in Insect Physiology 5:229-288.

Wang, Y.S. & Shelomi, M. 2017. Review of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as animal feed and human food. Foods 6(10): 91.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.