EFFECTS OF NEEM OIL, Azadirachta indica A. JUSS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF BAGWORM, Metisa plana (LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE) LARVAE
Abstract
Bagworm, Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) is a major leaf-defoliating insect pest that has gained national attention due to the severe damage and loss to oil palm crops, notably in Peninsular Malaysia. The plant-derived insecticide neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss provides a sustainable alternative as a biological control tool. This study was aimed to evaluate the growth and survival of M. plana after exposed to different concentrations of neem oil (75, 37.50, 18.75, 9.38, 4.69, and 2.35 mg/L) under laboratory conditions with distilled water used as control treatment. The bioassays of the neem extract were assessed using a leaf-dipping technique on fourth and fifth instar larvae stages of M. plana collected from Tapah, Perak, Malaysia. Observations were made during three exposure intervals: 1, 2, and 3 days after treatment (DAT). Higher concentrations of the neem oil had significantly increased the bagworm larval mortality at 3 DAT (ranging from 30% to 97.67%) and inhibited larvae growth which survived to adulthood. The highest % mortality was 96.67% and 83% for the fourth and fifth instar larvae after 3 DAT at a concentration of 75 mg/L, respectively. The lethal concentration, LC50 within 3 DAT indicated a value of 3.59 and 6.15 mg/L for the fourth and fifth instar larvae, respectively. The findings demonstrated that neem oil as an insect growth regulator exhibited inhibitory properties against the growth and survival of the bagworm larvae, resulting in a notable increase in mortality. Therefore, neem possesses the potential to be utilized as a substitute biopesticide for M. plana, which requires more field investigations.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbott, W.S. 1925. A Method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 18: 265-267.
Bartelsmeier, I., Kilian, M. & Dicke, M. 2021. Effects of NeemAzal-T/ S on different developmental stages of rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 170: 245-259.
Campos, E.V., De Oliveira, J.L., Pascoli, M., De Lima, R. & Fraceto, L.F. 2016. Neem oil and crop protection: From now to the future. Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 1494.
de Oliveira Lima, V., Braghini, A., de Paula, F.C., Souza, J.M.R., Figueiredo, G.P. & Vacari, A.M. 2024. Toxicity of botanical insecticides at different developmental stages of the coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lynetiidae), and their side effects on predator Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Crop Protection 181: 106678.
Islas, J.F., Acosta, E., G-Buentello, Z., Delgado-Gallegosa, J.L., Moreno-Treviño, M.G., Escalante, B. & Moreno-Cuevas, J.E. 2020. An overview of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and its potential impact on health. Journal of Functional Foods 74: 104171.
Kamaraj, C., Gandhi, P.R., Elango, G., Karthid, S., Chung, I. & Rajakumar, G. 2018. Novel and environmental friendly approach; Impact of Neem (Azadirachta indica) gum nano formulation (NGNF) on Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) and Spodoptera litura (Fab.). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 107: 59-69.
Kok, C.C., Eng, O.K., Razak, A.R., Arshad, A.M. & Marcon, P.G. 2012. Susceptibility of bagworm Metisa plana (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) to chlorantraniliprole. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 35(1): 149-163.
Lowery, D.T & Isman, M.B. 1994. Insect growth regulating effects of neem extract and azadirachtin on aphids. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 72: 77-84.
Mawi, M., Saad, M.H.M., Mokhtar, A.S. & Asib, N. 2022. Toxicity of Azadirachta indica and Piper sarmentosum extract mixture formulations against Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in paddy field. Serangga 27(3): 132-142.
Mazmira, M.M.M., Noorhazwani, K., Nur Robaatul Adhawiyah, M.A.N. & Mohd Fahmi, K. 2022. Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis aerial spraying against the bagworm, Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) outbreak in oil palm using drone. Journal of Oil Palm Research 34(2): 276-288.
Mekapogu, A.R. 2021. Finney’s probit analysis spreadsheet calculator (Version 2021) based on the Finney, D.J. Probit analysis (2nd Edition). Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 1952(78): 388–390.
https://probitanalysis.wordpress.com/author/alpharajm/ [11 August 2023].
Michereff-Filho, M., Torres, J.B., Andrade, L.N. & Nunes, M.U.C. 2008. Effect of some biorational insecticides on Spodoptera eridania in organic cabbage. Pest Management Science 64: 761-767.
Mohd Arafah, N.S., Jun, C.Y., Mohamed Shariff, S.S., Mohd Noor, N.Q.I. & Zaharudin, N. 2023. Effects of selected plants against rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae). Malaysian Applied Biology 52(4): 113-118.
Mordue (Luntz), A.J. & Nisbet, A.J. 2000. Azadirachtin from the neem tree Azadirachta indica: Its action against insects. Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 29(4): 615-632.
Mantzoukas, S., Ntoukas, A., Lagogiannis, I., Kalyvas, N., Eliopoulos, P. & Poulas. K. 2020. Larvicidal action of cannabidiol oil and neem oil against three stored product insect pests: Effect on survival time and in progeny. Biology 9: 321
MPOB. 2016. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Guidelines for Bagworm Control. Bangi: MPOB.
Najla Mohamed, A.S., Syaizwan, Z.Z., Ahmad, I., Amal Azmai, M.N. & Mohamat-Yusuff, F. 2015. Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) and effects of diuron on morphology of brine shrimp Artemia salina (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) Nauplii. Procedia Environmental Sciences 30: 279-284.
Nasir, M.H., Aiman, M.H., Sithampalanadanarajah, M. & Mathews, J. 2023. Diversity and distribution of predatory insects in non-outbreak and post-outbreak estates of an oil palm plantation in Beluran District, Sabah, Malaysia. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 13(1): 153-164.
Noorhazwani, K., Siti Nurulhidayah, A., Mazmira, M.M.M., Nur Robaatul Adhawiyah, M.A.N. & Mohd Fahmi, K. 2021. Comparison of single and repeated Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) applications in controlling multi-stage outbreaks of Pteroma pendula (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) in Perak. Oil Palm Bulletin 83: 15-22.
Nur Robaatul Adhawiyah, M.A.N., Noorhazwani, K., Mohd Fahmi, K., Mohd Najib, A. & Mazmira, M.M.M. 2021. Impact of multiple aerial spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis on bagworm control in oil palm smallholdings in Johor, Malaysia. Serangga 26(4): 113-123.
Oke, O.A., Oyebode, G. & Onifade, E.O. 2014. Evaluation of contact activities of leaf extracts from four plant species against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculiondae). Serangga 19(2): 55-66.
Plant Quarantine Act 1976. 1976. Laws of Malaysia. Act 167, Plant Quarantine Act, 1976.
https://www.doa.gov.my/index.php/pages/view/518/ [3 July 2024].
Prijono, D., Hambali, E., Nisya, F.N. & Suryani, A. 2020. Mortality and suppression of development and reproduction of soybean armyworm Spodoptera litura treated with neem oil formulation. II. International Agricultural, Biological & Life Science Conference, Edirne, Turkey, 1-3 September, 2020, pp. 1210-1218.
Rawani, A., Ghosh, A. & Chandra, G. 2010. Mosquito larvicidal activities of Solanum nigrum L. leaf extract against Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Parasitology Research 107(5): 1235-1240.
Shannag, H.K., Capinera, J.L. & Freihat, N.M. 2013. Use of neem-based insecticides against southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Trends in Entomology 9: 45-53.
Shawal, M.T.M., Amalia, M.H., Noorhazwani, K., Siti Nurulhidayah, A., Mazmira, M.M.M., Raha, A.R. & Jamian, S. 2023. Identification of the oil palm bagworm, Mahasena corbetti Tams (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) via molecular techniques and its biocontrol assay using Bacillus thuringiensis. Journal of Oil Palm Research. In press. https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0036
Siti Nurulhidayah, A., Mohamad, S.A. Othman, A. & Mazmira, M.M.M. 2023. The influence of flowering beneficial plant, Turnera subulata on the insect natural enemies’ abundance in relation to oil palm bagworm occurrence in Bagan Datuk, Perak, Malaysia. Journal of Oil Palm Research. In press. https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0017
Stark, J.D. & Rangus, T.M. 1994. Lethal and sublethal effects of the neem insecticide formulation, ‘Margosan-O’, on the pea aphid. Pesticide Science 41: 155-160.
Tavares, W.S., Costa, M.A., Cruz, I., Silveira, R.D., Serrão, J.E. & Zanuncio, J.C. 2010. Selective effects of natural and synthetic insecticides on mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its predator Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Environmental Science and Health B 45: 557-561.
Ur Rahman, A., Khan, I., Usman, A. & Khan, H. 2024. Evaluation of insect growth regulators (IGRs) as biological pesticides for control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases 61(1): 129-135.
Wood, B.J. & Norman, K. 2019. Bagworm (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) infestation in the centennial of the Malaysian oil palm industry – A review of causes and control. Journal of Oil Palm Research 31(3): 364-380.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.