DETERMINATION OF AGE-DEPENDENT RESPONSES OF FRUIT FLY Zeugodacus cucurbitae (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) TOWARDS TWO PHENYLBUTANOID MALE ATTRACTANTS
Abstract
The melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquilett (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a vegetable pest species of economic importance, especially crops of the family Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae. Male fruit flies of this species are attracted to cue lure (CL), a synthetic male lure that is often used in managing and controlling fruit fly pest species, including this species. Male Z. cucurbitae fruit flies have also been reported to be attracted to zingerone (ZN), a phytochemical component of several wild orchid flower species of the genus Bulbophyllym spp. Increasing evidence shows the interaction of Tephritidae fruit flies with male attractants is unique and depends on the species and type of male attractants. Thus, this study aimed to determine and compare the age-dependent response of Z. cucurbitae male fruit flies to two phenylbutanoid male attractants, CL and ZN. The wind tunnel bioassay approach was used. Sexually mature male fruit flies were assayed to a range of CL and ZN quantities to obtain an optimal dose before testing the responses of Z. cucurbitae males at different ages to CL and ZN. The results found that the pattern of the response of Z. cucurbitae male fruit flies to CL and ZN was similar, i.e. showing an increasing age-dependent response with increasing age and sexual maturity. However, male Z. cucurbitae showed an earlier response at five day-olds as well as a higher response (77.8%) at a lower optimum quantity of CL (10.0 mg) compared to ZN, i.e. at 15 day-olds with only 34% response at the optimal quantity tested, i.e. 100.0 mg. This result indicates that CL is still a more effective male attractant than ZN for population detection, monitoring and suppression of Z. cucurbitae.
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