Strategies for Controlling Children’s Media Access: The Role of Single Parents in Preventing Domestic Violence in the Digital Age

Rini Rinawati, Dedeh Fardiah, Chairiawaty ., Dadi Ahmadi

Abstract


In the digital era, media exposure has become increasingly complex and carries the potential to influence behavioural risks, including domestic violence. Single parents often face challenges in regulating their children's media access due to constraints in time, resources, and social support. This added difficulty makes the issue of media management among single parents a compelling area of research. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the strategies employed by single mothers in controlling their children's media access as a means of preventing domestic violence. While many studies have discussed media supervision in general, research that specifically focuses on the strategies of single parents in managing children's media exposure remains limited. This study employed a mixed-methods approach involving 208 respondents who were members of the Women-Headed Households (PEKKA) organization in West Java. The findings indicate that one of the effective strategies adopted by single mothers is regulating media usage time based on the child’s age and needs. Single mothers employ a communicative and participatory approach by engaging children in regular discussions about media content, modelling appropriate technology use, and encouraging alternatives activities. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of single parents in fostering children’s media literacy and preventing domestic violence. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and social service providers in designing support programs that address the specific needs of single parents.

 

Keywords: Family communication, social media, violence, media literacy, communication patterns.

 

https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2025-4103-14


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmadi, D., & Adzhani, A. V. (2019). The use Instagram with visiting interest: The correlation between the use @littlecollins.bdg Instagram with visiting interest. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1375, 012055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1375/1/012055

Ahmadi, D., Rachmiatie, A., & Nursyawal. (2019). Public participation model for public information disclosure. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 35(4), 305–321. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2019-3504-19

Ahmadi, D., Kurnia, S. S., Firmansyah, & Iskandar, D. (2023a). The effect of digital journalism training on media sub domain PR FM and PR MN on Cognitive Improvement of the Editorial Crew. KnE Social Sciences, 8(18), 856-861. https://doi.org/p6x9

Ahmadi, D., Lisnur, W., Nurrahman, A. A., Yanuarti, E., & Basudewa, M. I. (2023b). Improving scientific literacy through management of electronic journal using the ‘Open Journal System’. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2824, 050003. https://doi.org/p64b

Ahmadi, D., Sulaiman, A. I., Runtiko, A. G., Noegroho, A., Ar Raqi, R. I., Maryani, A., Yuniati, Y., & Yulianita, N. (2023c). Marketing communications for tourism development in ecoethno leadcamp site. Studies in Media and Communication, 11(4), 67–77. https://doi.org/p6zb

Ahmadi, D., Septiawan, S., Indra, S., Firmansyah, & Iskandar, D. (2024). Effect of WhatsApp promotional messages on audience interest in accessing news. AIP Conf. Proc., 3065, 020039. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0225981

Annur, C. M. (2023). Kasus Perceraian Tertinggi 2022. Kacadata.co.

Beyens, I., & Beullens, K. (2017). Parent-child conflict about children’s tablet use: The role of parental mediation. New Media and Society, 19(12), 2075–2093. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816655099

Bjelland, M., Soenens, B., Bere, E., Kovács, É., Lien, N., Maes, L., Manios, Y., Moschonis, G., & te Velde, S. J. (2015). Associations between parental rules, style of communication and children’s screen time. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1002. https://doi.org/f7svbw

Boniel-Nissim, M., Efrati, Y., & Dolev-Cohen, M. (2020). Parental mediation regarding children’s pornography exposure: The role of parenting style, protection motivation and gender. The Journal of Sex Research, 57(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/gf8h3f

Chanda, K. (2018). Stress and psychological well-being among single parents. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 6(4), 226–232. https://doi.org/p6zc

Chavda, K., & Nisarga, V. (2023). Single parenting: Impact on child’s development. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 19(1), 14–20.

Cheng, T. L., Brenner, R. A., Wright, J. L., Sachs, H. C., Moyer, P., & Rao, M. R. (2004). Children’s violent television viewing: Are parents monitoring? Pediatrics, 114(1), 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.1.94

Collier, K. M., Coyne, S. M., Rasmussen, E. E., Hawkins, A. J., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Erickson, S. E., & Memmott-Elison, M. K. (2016). Does parental mediation of media influence child outcomes? A meta-analysis on media time, aggression, substance use, and sexual behavior. Developmental Psychology, 52(5), 798–812. https://doi.org/f8mz8v

Connell, S. L., Lauricella, A. R., & Wartella, E. (2015). Parental Co-Use of Media Technology with their Young Children in the USA. Journal of Children and Media, 9(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2015.997440

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (H. Salmon, Ed.; 5th ed., Vol. 5). SAGE Publications.

Dargis, M., & Koenigs, M. (2017). Witnessing domestic violence during childhood is associated with psychopathic traits in adult male criminal offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 41(2), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000226

Desimpelaere, L., Hudders, L., & Van de Sompel, D. (2020). Children’s and parents’ perceptions of online commercial data practices: A qualitative study. Media and Communication, 8(4), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i4.3232

Dodaj, A. (2020). Children witnessing domestic violence. Journal of Children’s Services, 15(3), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCS-04-2019-0023

Domoff, S. E., Radesky, J. S., Harrison, K., Riley, H., Lumeng, J. C., & Miller, A. L. (2019). A naturalistic study of child and family screen media and mobile device use. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(2), 401–410. https://doi.org/gng6pg

Dragiewicz, M., Burgess, J., Matamoros-Fernández, A., Salter, M., Suzor, N. P., Woodlock, D., & Harris, B. (2018). Technology facilitated coercive control: Domestic violence and the competing roles of digital media platforms. Feminist Media Studies, 18(4), 609–625. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1447341

Dragiewicz, M., Harris, B., Woodlock, D., & Salter, M. (2021). Digital media and domestic violence in Australia: Essential contexts. Journal of Gender-Based Violence, 5(3), 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021X16153782923978

Esmail Hassan, E., Seedhom, A. E., & Mahfouz, E. M. (2016). Men’s perception of domestic violence, rural Minia, Egypt. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 06(02), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2016.62009

Faizah, N. (2023). The spiritualization of domestic violence in the digital era: Examining the Cathartic role of religious institutions in empowering victims. De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah, 15(2), 251–267. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v15i2.23297

Fardiah, D., Darmawan, F., & Rinawati, R. (2020). Media literacy capabilities of broadcast monitoring in regional Indonesian broadcasting commission (KPID) of West Java. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(4), 126–142. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3604-08

Fitzpatrick, C., Barnett, T., & Pagani, L. S. (2012). Early exposure to media violence and later child adjustment. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 33(4), 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e31824eaab3

Fujioka, Y., & Austin, E. W. (2002). The relationship of family communication patterns to parental mediation styles. Communication Research, 29(6), 642–665. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365002237830

Gentile, D. A., Nathanson, A. I., Rasmussen, E. E., Reimer, R. A., & Walsh, D. A. (2012). Do you see what I see? Parent and child reports of parental monitoring of media. Family Relations, 61(3), 470–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2012.00709.x

Gentile, D. A., Reimer, R. A., Nathanson, A. I., Walsh, D. A., & Eisenmann, J. C. (2014). Protective effects of parental monitoring of children’s media use. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(5), 479. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.146

Guan, T., Khorshed Alam, M., & Bhaskara Rao, M. (2019). Sample size calculations in simple linear regression: Trials and tribulations. ArXiv, 1885, 1–20.

Gursoy, D., Chi, C. G., & Lu, L. (2020). Examining the effects of social media on travel behaviors and intentions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45(2), 20–30.

Hakim Nasution, F., Syahran Jailani, M., & Junaidi, R. (2024). Kombinasi (mixed-methods) dalam praktis penelitian ilmiah. Journal Genta Mulia, 15(2), 251–256.

Hashim, N. H., Murphy, J., & Hashim, N. M. (2007). Islam and online imagery on Malaysian tourist destination websites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(3), 1082–1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00364.x

Hashim, N., & Razali, A. (2019). Teknologi dan media sosial dalam komunikasi ibu bapa dan anak-anak. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 35(4), 337–352. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2019-3504-21

Huang, R. H., Liu, D. J., Tlili, A., & Yang, J. F. & W. H. H. (2020). Handbook on facilitating flexible learning during educational disruption: The Chinese experience in maintaining undisrupted learning in COVID-19 Outbreak. Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University UNESCO. https://education4resilience.iiep.unesco.org/resources/2020/handbook-facilitating-flexible-learning-during-educational-disruption-chinese

Hutasoit, I. T. M. br, & Brahmana, K. M. B. (2021). Single mother role in the family. Education and Social Sciences Review, 2(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.29210/07essr208800

Kathleen, F.-B. (2010). Crisis Communications: A Casebook Approach (4th ed., Vol. 4). Routledge.

Kotler, P., Bowen, J. T., Makens, J. C., & Baloglu, S. (2020). The role of social media in shaping tourism behaviors and preference. Journal of Travel Research, 59(5), 834–849.

Kouzani, A. Z. (2023). Technological innovations for tackling domestic violence. IEEE Access, 11, 91293–91311. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3306022

Kurnia, S. S., Ahmadi, D., Firmansyah, F., Karsa, S. I., & Iskandar, D. (2022a). Interpretation of television journalists utilizing smartphone technology on reporting disaster. In A. Rachmiatie, I. J. Triwardhani, Alhamuddin & C. U. Abdullah (Eds.), Islam, Media and Education in the Digital Era (pp. 534–539). Routledge. https://doi.org/p6zd

Kurnia, S. S., Ahmadi, D., Karsa, S. I., Firmansyah, & Iskandar, D. (2022b). Disaster Mitigation Education for Television Journalists in West Java. In A. Rachmiatie, I. J. Triwardhani, Alhamuddin & C. U. Abdullah (Eds.), Islam, Media, and Education in the Digital Era (pp. 528–534). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003219149-77

Kurnia, S. S., Firmansyah, Ahmadi, D., Iskandar, D., Karsa, S. I., & Kustiman, E. (2023). Digital diversification to expand the Indonesian radio industry: A case study of PRFM, Delta, and Dahlia Stations. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 39(3), 202–220. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2023-3903-11

Kurniawan, A. W., & Puspitaningtyas, Z. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Pandiva Buku.

Leavy, P. (2017). Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches. The Guilford Press.

Livingstone, S., Kirwil, L., Ponte, C., & Staksrud, E. (2014). In their own words: What bothers children online? European Journal of Communication, 29(3), 271–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323114521045

Meikle, G. (2016). Social Media: Communication, Sharing, and Visibility (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315884172

Mikeska, J., Harrison, R. L., Carlson, L., & Coryn, C. L. S. (2017). The influence of parental and communication style on consumer socialization. Journal of Advertising Research, 57(3), 319–334. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-2017-002

Nabi, R. L., & Wolfers, L. N. (2022). Does digital media use harm children’s emotional intelligence? A parental perspective. Media and Communication, 10(1), 350–360. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i1.4731

Nasution, A. F. (2023). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Harfa Creative.

Nathanson, A. I. (1999). Identifying and explaining the relationship between parental mediation and children’s aggression. Communication Research, 26(2), 124–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365099026002002

Nikken, P., & Opree, S. J. (2018). Guiding young children’s digital media use: SES-differences in mediation concerns and competence. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(6), 1844–1857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1018-3

Nikken, P., & Schols, M. (2015). How and why parents guide the media use of young children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3423–3435. https://doi.org/f7vrtz

Page Jeffery, C. (2020). “It’s really difficult. We’ve only got each other to talk to.” Monitoring, mediation, and good parenting in Australia in the digital age. Journal of Children and Media, 15(2), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2020.1744458

Panggabean, W., Hastuti, D., & Herawati, T. (2022). Pengaruh gaya pengasuhan orang tua, identitas moral, dan pemisahan moral remaja terhadap perilaku cyberbullying remaja. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 15(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/p6zg

Paquette, H. (2013). Social Media as a Marketing Tool: A Literature Review (Master's non-thesis paper, The University of Rhode Island, United States). https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/tmd_major_papers/2/

Pinna, K. L. M. (2016). Interrupting the intergenerational transmission of violence. Child Abuse Review, 25(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2412

Poulain, T., Meigen, C., Kiess, W., & Vogel, M. (2023). Media regulation strategies in parents of 4- to 16-year-old children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15221-w

Pramono, F., Lubis, D. P., Puspitawati, H., & Susanto, D. (2017). communication pattern and family typology of high school adolescents in Bogor. Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia, 2(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v2i1.85

Putri Mulia, F. S., & Fauzi, R. (2021). Kampanye public relations “Ngopi tapi Go Green” di RBoJ Coffee. Jurnal Riset Public Relations, 1(1), 39–56. https://doi.org/g752bz

Rinawati, R., & Fardiah, D. (2016). Efektifitas komunikasi antarpribadi dalam mencegah tindak kekerasan terhadap anak. Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi, 19(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.20422/jpk.v19i1.49

Rinawati, R., Fardiah, D., Chairiawaty, C., Kurniaty, N., & Ahmadi, D. (2025). Laporan Penelitian Skema Fundamental.

Rofiah, C. (2022). Analisis data kualitatif: Manual atau dengan aplikasi? Develop, 6(1), 33–46.

Sahiti, K., Kalanadhabhatta, L. M., Bhunia, S. S., Singhal, A., & Majethia, R. (2017). Smartphone-based qualitative analyses of social activities during family time. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Human-Centered Sensing, Networking, and Systems, 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1145/3144730.3144735

Salway, R. E., Emm-Collison, L., Sebire, S., Thompson, J. L., & Jago, R. (2019). Associations between socioeconomic position and changes in children’s screen-viewing between ages 6 and 9: A longitudinal study. BMJ Open, 9(12). https://doi.org/p6zj

Sangeet, O., & Singh, S. (2022). Experiences of single-parent children in the current Indian context. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(7), 3790–3794. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2455_21

Scrafford, K. E., Miller-Graff, L. E., Umunyana, A. G., Schwartz, L. E., & Howell, K. H. (2022). “I did it to save my children”: Parenting strengths and fears of women exposed to intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(9–10), NP7775–NP7802. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520969231

Setiadi, E., Sulaiman, A. I., Chusmeru, C., Windiasih, R., Ahmadi, D., Suyanto, E., & Wijayanti, I. K. E. (2024). Important Factors in the Development of Young Entrepreneurial Groups in Forest Honeybee Cultivation and Products. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(3), 1196–1207. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i3.3420

Sinta, Asbari, M., & Isnawati, B. (2024). Pornografi dan pengasuhan anak: Menganalisis dampak media digital terhadap peran keluarga dan perkembangan anak. Journal of Information Systems and Management, 3(1), 53–57.

Smith et al. (2020). Survey on consumer preferences. Journal of Marketing Research, 57(2), 235–250.

Sulaiman, A. I., & Ahmadi, D. (2020). Empowerment communication in an Islamic boarding school as a medium of harmonization. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(4), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3604-20

Supardi, S. (1993). Populasi dan sampel penelitian. Unisia, 17(Tahun XIII Triwulan VI), 100–108. https://journal.uii.ac.id/Unisia/article/view/5325

Tan, K. V., & Zhooriyati, S. M. (2021). Parental attitude and parental intervention strategies on digital media usage among young children. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(9), 419–429. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.990

Tan, Z. (2024). Exploring the social media use of victims of domestic violence: A comprehensive study. Communications in Humanities Research, 34(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/34/20240085

Tariq, R., Zolkepli, I. A., & Ahmad, M. (2022). Charting the development of O-S-R-O-R communication mediation model: A systematic literature review of media effects trends in new media research. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 38(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2022-3804-01

Tiberio, S. S., Kerr, D. C. R., Capaldi, D. M., Pears, K. C., Kim, H. K., & Nowicka, P. (2014). Parental monitoring of children’s media consumption. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(5), 414. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.5483

Uldafira, A., & Rochmaniah, A. (2023). Pengaruh penggunaan media sosial dan komunikasi keluarga terhadap perilaku cyberbullying pada anak. Jurnal Pustaka Komunikasi, 6(2), 327–338. https://doi.org/10.32509/pustakom.v6i2.3043

Vaala, S. E., & Bleakley, A. (2015). Monitoring, mediating, and modeling: Parental influence on adolescent computer and internet use in the United States. Journal of Children and Media, 9(1), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2015.997103

Vijayalakshmi, A., Laczniak, R., & Brocato, D. (2019). Understanding parental mediation of violent television commercials. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 36(5), 551–564. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-08-2017-2325

Wulandari, T. D. (2020). Strategi ‘digital campaign’ public relations kebun binatang gembira loka menghadapi pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Gama Societa, 4(2), 71–82.

Yosep, I., Hikmat, R., & Mardhiyah, A. (2022). The impact of domestic violence on cognitive and psychological development of children: A scoping review. Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran (JKP), 10(3), 196–203. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v10i3.2076


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


e-ISSN: 2289-1528