Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment: A Case Study at Frangipani Resort, Langkawi (Pembinaan Wetland untuk Rawatan Air Sisa: Satu Kajian Kes di Frangipani Resort, Langkawi)
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Wetland is a shallow watery area that has slow movement or static hydrology. It usually consists of floating and submerged plants with high level of biodiversity and plays a role in treating water of lakes and rivers. Constructed wetland, on the other hand is a man-made system that imitates the natural wetland in the aspects of structure and function. Some facilities like hotels, resorts and housing areas have taken initiatives to manipulate this ability and build their own constructed wetlands to treat sewage water. For facilities like hotels, a sewage treatment system with low technology, low energy requirements, affordable and easy to maintain is a crucial need. Therefore, it is proposed that constructed wetland is an efficient solution. Frangipani Resort & Spa in Langkawi Geopark is one of the hotels in Malaysia that advanced this eco-technology into their facility since 2009. By having this, enormous benefits are gained especially in the investment of hotel’s financial capital in cutting cost of sewage maintenance and water usage. Plus, the system itself would indirectly help to ensure more sustainable wastewater and water resource management when the treated wastewater is reused. Although there are a lot of studies on constructed wetlands that are used to treat wastewaters from municipal, industrial and agricultural areas, there is insufficient study that link constructed wetland and wastewaters from lodging industry. Therefore, this proposed study will focus on (i) how efficient a decent and functional constructed wetland built within a resort can help reduce the maintenance cost, energy usage and pollution from untreated wastewater; and (ii) how significant can the system be to create a resort with sustainable wastewater management which ultimately can be replicated in an urban setting to reduce the stress of wastewater treatment.
Keywords: Wetland; wastewater treatment; Langkawi
ABSTRAK: Wetland merupakan kawasan cetek berair yang mempunyai pergerakan air perlahan atau hidrologi statik. Ia biasanya terdiri daripada tumbuhan terapung dan tenggelam dengan tahap biodiversiti yang tinggi dan memainkan peranan dalam merawat air tasik dan sungai. Pembinaan Wetland adalah satu sistem buatan manusia yang meniru tanah lembap semula jadi daripada aspek struktur dan fungsi. Sesetengah kemudahan seperti hotel, pusat peranginan dan kawasan perumahan telah mengambil inisiatif untuk memanipulasi keupayaan ini dan membina wetland mereka sendiri untuk merawat air kumbahan. Untuk kemudahan seperti hotel, sistem rawatan kumbahan dengan teknologi yang rendah, keperluan tenaga yang rendah, murah dan mudah penting untuk mengekalkan keperluannya. Oleh itu, adalah dicadangkan pembinaan tanah lembap dibina adalah penyelesaian yang betul. Frangipani Resort & Spa di Langkawi Geopark adalah salah satu hotel di Malaysia yang menggunakan eko-teknologi ini ke dalam kemudahan mereka sejak tahun 2009. Dengan adanya ini, manfaat besar yang diperoleh terutamanya dalam pelaburan modal kewangan hotel dalam pemotongan kos penyelenggaraan kumbahan dan penggunaan air. Tambahan pula, sistem itu sendiri secara tidak langsung akan membantu untuk memastikan air sisa dan pengurusan sumber air yang lebih mapan apabila air sisa yang dirawat digunakan semula. Walaupun terdapat banyak kajian mengenai pembinaan wetland yang digunakan untuk merawat air buangan daripada kawasan perbandaran, perindustrian dan pertanian, kajian yang masih tidak mencukupi yang menghubungkan kaitan pembinaan di kawasan tanah lembap dan air buangan dari industri penginapan. Oleh itu, kajian yang dicadangkan ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada (i) bagaimana kecekapan tanah lembap yang baik dan berfungsi dibina di dalam resort yang boleh membantu mengurangkan kos penyelenggaraan, penggunaan tenaga dan pencemaran daripada air sisa yang tidak dirawat; dan (ii) bagaimana penting sistem boleh untuk mewujudkan sebuah resort dengan pengurusan air sisa mapan yang akhirnya boleh ditiru dalam persekitaran bandar untuk mengurangkan tekanan rawatan air sisa.
Kata kunci: Wetland; rawatan air sisa; Langkawi
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