Gaya Peralihan Kod dalam Kesusasteraan Multilingual di Malaysia (Code Switching Style in Multilingual Literature in Malaysia)
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Dalam makalah ini, hubungan di antara peralihan kod (code-switching) dan identiti sosial akan dibincangkan. Makalah ini berpandangan bahawa peralihan kod digunakan untuk menggambarkan identiti pengarang dan pembaca. Gejala percampuran kod telah menjadi suatu kelaziman dalam masyarakat berbilang kaum di Malaysia. Makalah ini akan meneroka (i) pola peralihan kod, dan (ii) fungsi peralihan kod dalam novel terpilih. Analisis peralihan kod dalam makalah ini akan berdasarkan pengkategorian yang dikemukakan oleh Milroy dan Musyken. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa intra-ayat lebih produktif berbanding inter-ayat dalam kesusasteraan Melayu. Penutur lebih cenderung memilih peralihan kod Melayu-Inggeris dalam situasi formal dan akan menggunakan bahasa Melayu sepenuhnya dalam situasi tak formal. Kajian ini mendapati kebanyakan watak dalam novel Melayu adalah dwibahasa dominan, iaitu dominan dalam satu bahasa. Kajian ini telah menyumbang pada pemahaman gaya peralihan kod dalam kesusasteraan multilingual di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: Peralihan kod; identiti social; realiti berbahas; dwibahasa dominan; kesusasteraan multilingual
ABSTRACT: In this article, the relationship between code-switching and social identity are discussed. It is believed that codeswitching is used to reflect the identity of writer and reader. Code-switching has become a norm among speakers in Malaysia. This article will explore (i) the pattern of code-switching, and (ii) the pragmatic function of code-switching in the selected novels. The analysis of code-switching is based on Milroy and Musyken. The result of this study has shown that intra-tag is actually much more productive than inter-tag. The characters tend to choose Malay-English in a formal situation and only Malay in informal situation. This study found that most of the characters in the Malay novels are dominant bilingual, that is dominant in one language. This paper has contributed to an understanding of the style of code-switching in multilingual literature in Malaysia.
Keywords: Code-switching; social identity; reality of language use; dominant bilingual; multilingual literature
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