Pengkategorian Haiwan dalam Kitab Sabil Al-Muhtadin dari Perspektif Halal dan Zoologi

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Kitab Sabil al-Muhtadin Li Al-Tafaqquh Fi Amr Al-Din karya Syeikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari (1122-1227H/1710-1812 M) merupakan antara karya fiqh Melayu klasik yang penting dalam membincangkan hukum-hakam haiwan. Kitab ini mengandungi pelbagai pengkategorian haiwan berdasarkan istilah yang lazim digunakan di Alam Melayu dan dunia Arab. Namun demikian, sebahagian istilah haiwan yang digunakan didapati kurang jelas dari segi rujukan spesies. Kajian ini bertujuan memperincikan spesies haiwan yang dibincangkan dalam Kitab Sabil al-Muhtadin, mengklasifikasikannya mengikut kategori halal dan haram, serta menganalisis istilah haiwan tersebut melalui pendekatan interdisiplin yang mengintegrasikan perspektif fiqh halal dan zoologi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah dokumentasi dan analisis tekstual terhadap kandungan kitab berkenaan, serta teknik temubual secara berstruktur. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat tiga jenis pengkategorian haiwan di dalam kitab Sabil al-Muhtadin iaitu; haiwan air, haiwan darat dan haiwan kacukan antara haiwan yang halal dan haram. Jumlah keseluruhan istilah haiwan adalah sebanyak 123 spesies. Analisis turut menunjukkan tiga bentuk penggunaan istilah haiwan, iaitu 1) istilah yang jelas maksudnya dalam bahasa Melayu, 2) istilah Arab yang disertai terjemahan atau penjelasan, serta 3) istilah yang menggunakan bahasa tempatan seperti bahasa Indonesia (Banjar) tanpa penjelasan lanjut. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemetaan sistematik istilah haiwan dalam fiqh Melayu klasik serta memperlihatkan kepentingan integrasi antara disiplin.

Kata kunci: Haiwan; halal haram; Sabil al-Muhtadin; Syeikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari; zoologi 

ABSTRACT

Sabil al-Muhtadin Li al-Tafaqquh fi Amr al-Din by Syeikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari (1122–1227H / 1710–1812 CE) is one of the important classical Malay fiqh works that discusses legal rulings related to animals. The book contains various classifications of animals based on terms commonly used in the Malay world and the Arab world. However, some of the animal terms used are found to be unclear in terms of their specific species references. This study aims to detail the animal species discussed in Sabil al-Muhtadin, classify them according to halal and haram categories, and analyse these animal terms through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates the perspectives of halal jurisprudence and zoology. This study employs a qualitative approach through documentation and textual analysis of the content of the book, as well as structured interview techniques. The findings reveal that there are three types of animal classifications in Sabil al-Muhtadin, namely aquatic animals, terrestrial animals, and hybrid animals resulting from the crossbreeding of halal and haram species. The total number of animal terms identified amounts to 123 species. The analysis also shows three forms of animal terminology usage: (1) terms whose meanings are clearly understood in the Malay language; (2) Arabic terms accompanied by translation or explanation; and (3) terms that use local languages such as Indonesian (Banjar) without further clarification. This study contributes to the systematic mapping of animal terminology in classical Malay fiqh and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary integration.

Keywords: Animals; halal haram; Sabil al-Muhtadin; Syeikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari; zoology