THE IMPACT OF APOSTASY ON CONTRACT COMPANIES: A JURISPRUDENTIAL STUDY COMPARED TO THE JORDANIAN CIVIL LAW [أثر الردة على شركات العقود دراسة فقهية مقارنة بالقانون المدني الأردني]
Abstract
This study worked to clarify the main concepts related to its subject, to identify the issue and to clarify the difference in it, and to mention the most correct opinion in it. With regard to issues related to companies and the extent to which they are affected by apostasy, I mention after detailing the issue of the position of the Jordanian civil law on it. Then, at the end of the study, a balance was held between Islamic jurisprudence and the Jordanian civil law, and the study concluded with the results, which are as follows: This issue is dealt with from two aspects; Religion and judiciary, and they have been separated in our contemporary reality, as the separation between religion and life is the result of the rule of man-made laws. It is from a legal point of view that apostasy affects contract companies in Islamic jurisprudence, nullifying them or suspending them at a minimum, and this is not in the law, and therefore the company should not remain based on its usual status in the event of one of the partners apostasy. The covenant in this matter is on the Muslim partner, that the company contract is annulled due to the partner’s apostasy in application of the rule of God Almighty, and this requires filing a lawsuit to dissolve the company, citing a legal reason that enables him to do so, and this is the judicial aspect of the issue. We have seen that the law did not consider apostasy as a reason affecting the validity and permissibility of the company, and for this reason the lawsuit regarding the company’s dissolution is not heard.
Keywords: apostasy, companies, contract companies, Jordanian Civil Law
ملخص
عملت هذه الدراسة على توضيح المفاهيم الرئيسة المتعلقة بموضوعها ، والوقوف على المسألة وبيان الخلاف فيها، وذكر القول الراجح فيها. وفي المسائل المتعلقة بالشركات ومدى تأثرها بالردة،أذكر بعد تفصيل المسألة موقف القانون المدني الأردني منها، ثم عقدت في نهاية الدراسة موازنة بين الفقه الإسلامي والقانون المدني الأردني ،وختمت الدراسة بالنتائج وهي كما يأتي:أن هذه المسألة يتم التعامل معها من ناحيتين ؛ ديانة وقضاء ، وقد تم الفصل بينهما في واقعنا المعاصر،إذ الفصل بين الدين والحياة نتيجة سيادة القوانين الوضعية.فهي من الناحية الشرعية أن الردة تؤثر على شركات العقود في الفقه الإسلامي فتبطلها أو توقفها على أقل حد، وليس ذلك في القانون، وبالتالي لا ينبغي أن تبقى الشركة قائمة على وضعها الإعتيادي حال ردة أحد الشريكين.وإن العهدة في هذه المسألة على الشريك المسلم،في أن يفسخ عقد الشركة لردة الشريك تطبيقًا لحكم الله تعالى،وهذا يتطلب إقامة دعوى لفسخ الشركة،محتجًا بسبب قانوني يُمكِّنه من ذلك، وهذا هو الجانب القضائي في المسألة. فقد رأينا أن القانون لم يعتبر الردة سببا مؤثرا في صحة الشركة وجوازها، ولهذا السبب لا تسمع الدعوى في فسخ الشركة.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الردة، الشركات، شركات العقد، القانون المدني الأردني
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