Beyond spatial coverage: Analysing capacity deficits and population pressure in Kuantan’s flood evacuation network using GIS-Kriging
Abstract
This study examines the spatial and capacity deficiencies of the evacuation centre (EC) network in Kuantan, Pahang, highlighting critical implications for flood risk management and urban resilience. Despite residential land use occupying only 2% of the total area, approximately 71% of residential zones are located within designated flood-prone areas, exposing many residents to significant flood risks. Service area analysis indicates that only 35% of residential land falls within a 1-km travel distance of existing ECs, revealing inadequate accessibility. Capacity analysis further uncovers spatial inequities, with a projected population of 548,000 in 2025 being able to be accommodated by only 6% of the current EC capacity. This gap raises concerns about emergency planning effectiveness during large-scale flood events, potentially leading to overcrowding and increased reliance on informal shelters. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to enhance EC capacity and accessibility, particularly in flood-prone zones and densely populated urban areas. By integrating site suitability assessments with capacity and service area analyses, the research provides a comprehensive framework for optimizing evacuation infrastructure, ultimately fostering a more equitable and resilient community prepared for flood-related risks in Kuantan.
Keywords: Capacity, evacuation centre, flood risk management, GIS, population, Urban resilience
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