Pembangunan komuniti melalui kelestarian Pelancongan Berasaskan Komuniti (CBT) di Pulau Tioman, Pahang (Community development through the sustainability of Community Based Tourism on Tioman Island)
Abstract
Konsep Pelancongan Berasaskan Komuniti ((Community Based Tourism) (CBT)) yang berorientasikan komuniti diketahui umum dapat membantu meningkatkan ekonomi negara serta memberi manfaat dari segi ekonomi, sosial dan alam sekitar kepada komuniti setempat. Walaupun begitu, kejayaan konsep pelancongan CBT ini dari aspek pembangunan serta kelestariannya masih menjadi isu dan cabaran di kebanyakan negara khususnya Malaysia. Sehubungan itu kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti tahap penglibatan komuniti dalam pembangunan Pelancongan Berasaskan Komuniti (CBT) di Pulau Tioman, Pahang. Reka bentuk kajian adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik kajian tinjauan menggunakan instrumen kajian borang soal selidik. Seramai 90 orang responden telah terlibat dalam kajian ini dengan menggunakan teknik persampelan kebarangkalian kelompok/kluster. Data terkumpul diproses dengan menggunakan Program SPSS 29.0 dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil kajian mendapati tahap penglibatan komuniti dalam pembangunan CBT di Pulau Tioman berdasarkan kepada Teori Tangga Penglibatan Arnstein (1969) adalah berada pada tahap yang tinggi iaitu pada tangga ke lapan (8) Citizen Control (Kuasa Rakyat) di peringkat penglibatan Degrees of Citizen Power (Peringkat Penglibatan Sebenar). Implikasi daripada kajian menunjukkan bahawa elemen pembangunan komuniti penglibatan komuniti memainkan peranan dalam memastikan pembangunan berterusan dan kelestarian konsep Pelancongan Berasaskan Komuniti (CBT) ini. Kajian ini dilihat berpotensi dalam menyumbang kepada penambahbaikan dasar pelancongan sedia ada dan pembentukan kepada polisi-polisi pelancongan serta berpotensi menjadi rujukan dalam merangka Tourism Master Plan peringkat negeri dan kebangsaan, yang akan datang untuk menyokong perkembangan dan pembangunan pelancongan CBT di Malaysia serta menjamin kelestarian dan kemampanannya dalam jangka masa yang panjang. Selain itu, penemuan kajian menyokong pelaksanaan agenda nasional seperti Malaysia Madani dan Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDG 8 dan SDG 11) dengan menekankan kesejahteraan komuniti, pembangunan ekonomi setempat dan pemuliharaan alam sekitar. Oleh itu, kajian ini memberikan sumbangan yang signifikan terhadap pengembangan ilmu dalam bidang pelancongan komuniti secara empirikal mengenai tahap penglibatan komuniti terhadap kelestarian pelancongan komuniti.
Kata kunci: Kelestarian, komuniti, pelancongan, pelancongan berasaskan komuniti, penglibatan
The concept of Community Based Tourism (CBT) is known to contribute to the improvement of the national economy as well as to provide economic, social and environmental benefits to the local community. However, the success of the CBT concept, particularly in terms of development and sustainability, remains a challenge and issue in many countries, including Malaysia. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying the level of the level of community involvement in Community Based Tourism (CBT) development, with the scope of this study being on Tioman Island, Pahang. The research design is quantitative, using a survey technique with a questionnaire as the research instrument. A total of 90 respondents were involved in this study using a cluster sampling technique. The collected data were processed using the SPSS 29.0 software and analyzed through descriptive statistical analysis. The findings revealed that the level of community involvement in CBT development on Tioman Island based on Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation Theory (1969), is at a high level, specifically at step eight – Citizen Control, which represents the Degrees of Citizen Power. The implications of the study suggest that the community development elements, specifically community involvement play a crucial role in ensuring the continuous development and sustainability of the CBT. This study is seen as having the potential to contribute to the improvement of existing tourism policies and the formation of tourism policies as well as being a reference in drafting the upcoming Tourism Master Plan at the state and national levels to support the development and growth of CBT tourism in Malaysia and ensure its sustainability and sustainability in the long term. In addition, the findings of the study support the implementation of national agendas such as Malaysia Madani and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 8 and SDG 11) by emphasizing community well-being, local economic development and environmental conservation. Therefore, this study makes a significant contribution to the development of knowledge in the field of community tourism empirically on the level of community involvement on the sustainability of community tourism.
Keywords: Sustainability, community, tourism, community based tourism, involvement
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