Deformasi kerak bumi di Sabah: Keputusan awal pemantauan pergerakan sesar aktif di kawasan Lahad Datu (Crustal deformation in Sabah: preliminary results of active fault monitoring in Lahad Datu)

Bailon Golutin, Ismail Abd Rahim

Abstract


Berdasarkan rekod United States Geological Survey (USGS) menunjukkan kawasan Lahad Datu pernah dilanda gempa bumi kuat dengan magnitud 6.6 pada tahun 1923 dan magnitud 6.2 pda tahun 1976.  Kejadian gempa bumi yang kerap kali berlaku di Lahad Datu adalah menunjukkan bahawa kawasan Lahad Datu adalah mempunyai aktiviti seismik yang aktif. Rekod kekuatan gempa di Lahad Datu adalah lemah, sederhana hingga kuat. Kejadian gempa bumi di kawasan Lahad Datu adalah disebabkan oleh kewujudan sesar aktif. Namun, kajian mengenai sesar aktif di Lahad Datu adalah terbatas dimana sesar-sesar aktif ini belum dicirikan secara terperinci dan belum dipasang stesen pemantauan untuk memantau aktiviti pergerakan sesar aktif ini. Oleh itu, dalam kajian ini pencirian sesar aktif telah dibuat dan data-data pemantauan sesar aktif dari stesen pemantauan Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains (JMG) digunakan sebagai analisis. Sebanyak 12 stesen pemantauan monumen GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) aktif dan pasif dijalankan analisis untuk tempoh 2019 hingga 2024. Pemantauan GNSS menunjukkan pergerakan mendatar adalah antara 4mm hingga 15mm manakala kadar pergerakan menegak adalah -8mm (menurun) hingga +7mm (menaik). Pergerakan terhadap pergerakan sesar aktif menunjukkan pergerakan relatif ke arah barat. Kehadiran sesar sungkup ENE-WSW dan sesar sinistral NW-SE/WNW-ESE menunjukkan mampatan NW-SE. Sesar-sesar yang dikenalpasti aktif adalah Sesar Tomanggong, Sesar Tabin, Sesar Koyah, Sesar Bakapit, Sesar Bagahak, Sesar Permai, Sesar Makuo, Sesar Silabukan, Sesar Silam, Sesar Sakar, Sesar Lamak, Sesar Sepagaya, Sesar Puyut, Sesar Lahad Datu, Sesar Salyawak, Sesar Tamaco, Sesar Lipad, Sesar Kulamba, Sesar Terusan Segama dan Sesar Manalanun

 

Kata kunci:  Aktiviti seismik, gempa bumi, GNSS, kerak bumi, sesar aktif

 

Based on records from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Lahad Datu area has experienced strong earthquakes, with a magnitude of 6.6 in 1923 and a magnitude of 6.2 in 1976. The frequent occurrence of earthquakes in Lahad Datu indicates that the area has active seismic activity. The recorded earthquake magnitudes in Lahad Datu range from weak to moderate and strong. Earthquakes in the Lahad Datu area are caused by the presence of active faults. However, studies on active faults in Lahad Datu are limited, as these faults have not been thoroughly characterized, and no monitoring stations have been installed to observe their movements. Therefore, in this study, the characterization of active faults has been conducted, and monitoring data from the Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains (JMG) monitoring stations have been used for analysis. A total of 12 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) active and passive monitoring stations were analyzed over the period from 2019 to 2024. GNSS monitoring shows that horizontal movement ranges between 4mm and 15mm, while vertical movement rates range from -8mm (subsidence) to +7mm (uplift). The movement of the active faults indicates a relative movement toward the west. The presence of ENE-WSW thrust faults and NW-SE/WNW-ESE sinistral faults suggests NW-SE compression. The identified active faults include Tomanggong Fault, Tabin Fault, Koyah Fault, Bakapit Fault, Bagahak Fault, Permai Fault, Makuo Fault, Silabukan Fault, Silam Fault, Sakar Fault, Lamak Fault, Sepagaya Fault, Puyut Fault, Lahad Datu Fault, Salyawak Fault, Tamaco Fault, Lipad Fault, Kulamba Fault, Terusan Segama Fault, and Manalanun Fault.

 

Keywords:  Seismic Activity, earthquake, active fault, crust, GNSS


Keywords


Aktiviti seismik, gempa bumi, GNSS, kerak bumi, sesar aktif (Seismic Activity, earthquake, active fault, crust, GNSS)

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References


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