Sistem Maklumat Geografi dalam perikanan: Analisis sistematik ke arah kelestarian sumber (Geographic Information System in Fisheries: A systematic analysis towards resource sustainability)

Noorashikin Md Noor, Muhamad Amirul Hakimi Mohd Sani, Mai Izatul Nuraishah Mior Hazri, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Azlan Abas

Abstract


Kajian ini meneliti peranan Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) dalam pengurusan sumber perikanan, khususnya dalam menangani cabaran kelestarian sumber semula jadi. GIS berkesan dalam mengumpulkan, menganalisis, dan memvisualisasikan data bagi merumuskan strategi pengurusan yang mampan. Asia Tenggara, sebagai pengeluar utama produk perikanan global, menghadapi keperluan mendesak untuk mengukuhkan pengurusan lestari di kawasan pesisir, perairan pedalaman, dan laut terbuka bagi menjamin keselamatan makanan serta pemuliharaan biodiversiti marin. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan sistematik menganalisis artikel jurnal berindeks tinggi yang diterbitkan antara 2017–2023. Artikel diperoleh daripada Scopus, Web of Science, dan SpringerLink, menggunakan kata kunci seperti “Geographic Information Systems (GIS),” “Fisheries Management,” “Remote Sensing,” dan “Sustainable Fisheries”. Penilaian dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi seperti fokus terhadap aplikasi GIS dalam perikanan, integrasi teknologi penderiaan jauh, serta kesannya terhadap pengurusan sumber perikanan yang mampan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan GIS berperanan penting dalam pemetaan habitat kritikal, penilaian kesesuaian habitat, dan pemantauan sumber perikanan. Integrasi GIS dengan teknologi penderiaan jauh dan pangkalan data piawai memperkukuh pengambilan keputusan berasaskan data, terutama dalam menangani spesies invasif dan terancam. Selain itu, aplikasi GIS dalam kajian dinamik perikanan dan perancangan pengurusan sumber secara holistik semakin mendapat perhatian dalam konteks perubahan iklim dan tekanan ekosistem. Kesimpulannya, GIS menawarkan potensi besar untuk meningkatkan pengurusan perikanan yang mampan, menyokong pemuliharaan ekosistem, serta membimbing dasar perikanan yang lebih strategik bagi generasi akan datang.

 

Kata kunci: Asia Tenggara, ekologi, kelestarian sumber, pengurusan perikanan, teknologi geospatial 

This article examines the role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in fisheries resource management, particularly in addressing sustainability challenges. GIS has proven effective in collecting, analyzing, and visualizing critical data to formulate sustainable fisheries management strategies while supporting ecosystem conservation. Southeast Asia, as a major global fisheries producer, faces an urgent need to strengthen sustainable management in coastal, inland, and marine areas to ensure food security and biodiversity conservation. This study employs a systematic review approach, analyzing high-indexed journal articles published between 2017 and 2023. Articles were sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and SpringerLink, using keywords such as “Geographic Information Systems (GIS),” “Fisheries Management,” “Remote Sensing,” and “Sustainable Fisheries.” Articles were evaluated based on inclusion criteria, including the application of GIS in fisheries, the integration of remote sensing technologies, and their impact on sustainable fisheries management. Findings highlight that GIS plays a crucial role in mapping critical habitats, assessing habitat suitability, predicting species distribution, monitoring fisheries resources, and analyzing fish population patterns. The integration of GIS with remote sensing and standardized databases enhances data-driven decision-making, particularly in managing invasive and endangered species. Additionally, GIS applications in dynamic fisheries research and holistic resource management planning are increasingly recognized in the context of climate change and ecosystem stress. In conclusion, GIS presents significant potential for enhancing sustainable fisheries management, supporting ecosystem conservation, and guiding strategic fisheries policies for future generations.

 

Keywords: Southeast Asia, ecology, resource sustainability, fisheries management, geospatial technology


Keywords


Asia Tenggara, ekologi, kelestarian sumber, pengurusan perikanan, teknologi geospatial (Southeast Asia, ecology, resource sustainability, fisheries management, geospatial technology)

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