Kemerosotan demokrasi di bawah pentadbiran Jokowi: Peranan elit (Declining democracy under Jokowi’s administration: The role of elites)

Taufik Taufik, Muhamad M.N. Nadzri, Jamaie Hamil

Abstract


Kejayaan demokrasi di Indonesia pada tahun 1998 didorong terutamanya oleh kedinamikan masyarakat. Walaupun beberapa mantan elit politik yang memerintah telah terjejas oleh transformasi politik, sebahagian daripada mereka berjaya bertahan semasa kepimpinan Presiden Jokowi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peranan yang dimainkan oleh mantan elit autoritarian dalam bertindak balas terhadap politik dan perubahan politik daripada masyarakat sivil. Secara khusus, ia menyerlahkan bagaimana mereka membina rangkaian komunikasi dengan Jokowi dan ahli parlimen. Artikel itu mengkaji tiga cara golongan elit telah menyumbang kepada kemerosotan demokrasi Indonesia di bawah pemerintahan Jokowi. Ini termasuk menyelia proses pilihan raya, menindas kebebasan awam, dan mengawal pelbagai institusi. Kajian ini menggunakan data primer daripada beberapa informan temu bual dan data sekunder daripada penyiasatan dan laporan media lepas. Selain itu, artikel tersebut berhujah bahawa pentadbiran Jokowi telah memundurkan demokrasi di Indonesia dengan melaksanakan pelbagai kecenderungan autokratik. Ini kerana tingkah laku pragmatik Jokowi sebagai presiden menampung pelbagai kepentingan elit dan gerakan elit adaptif di dalam dan di luar kerajaan.

 

Kata kunci: Elit, Indonesia, Jokowi, kemerosotan demokrasi

 

The democracy breakthrough in Indonesia in 1998 was mainly driven by the society's dynamism. While some of the former ruling political elites have been impacted by the political transformation, some of them have managed to survive during President Jokowi's leadership. This article aims to explain the role that the former authoritarian elite played in responding to politics and political change from civil society. Specifically, it highlights how they built a communication network with Jokowi and members of parliament. The article examines three ways in which the elites have contributed to the decline of Indonesian democracy under Jokowi's rule. These include overseeing the election process, suppressing civil liberties, and controlling various institutions. The study draws on primary data from several interview informants and secondary data from investigations and past media reports. Moreover, the article argues that the Jokowi administration has set back democracy in Indonesia by implementing various autocratic tendencies. This is because Jokowi's pragmatic behaviour as president accommodates various elite interests and adaptive elite manoeuvres inside and outside the government.

 

Keywords: Elite, Indonesia, Jokowi, democracy decline


Keywords


Elit, Indonesia, Jokowi, kemerosotan demokrasi (Elite, Indonesia, Jokowi, democracy decline)

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