Realiti letusan gunung berapi Tambora 1815 dalam syair (The reality of mount Tambora eruption 1815 in syair)

Rahimah Hamdan, Arba’ie Sujud, Abdul Halim Ali

Abstract


Kajian bertujuan membincangkan realiti peristiwa letusan Gunung Berapi Tambora pada 1815 di Sumbawa, Indonesia yang dirakam dalam bentuk syair menurut konteks realisme. Letusan gunung berapi tersebut telah mengorbankan banyak nyawa dan membawa kemusnahan alam sekitar pada skala besar. Dokumen yang diperolehi berhubung bencana alam ini hanyalah menerusi catatan kolonial Barat dan terkarang dalam sebuah puisi bertajuk Syair Kerajaan Bima. Ironinya, para sarjana Barat menolak syair sebagai medium rakaman realiti menurut realisme yang menjadi asas kemodenan sastera Barat tetapi menggunakan bentuk ini menerusi Syair Singapura Terbakar untuk mendapatkan maklumat peristiwa kebakaran besar di Singapura pada 1830. Pentingnya syair yang mencatat peristiwa sejarah memotivasikan kajian ini untuk dilakukan. Justeru, objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenalpasti ciri-ciri realisme menurut kemodenan sastera Melayu dan menganalisis unsur realisme dalam syair berdasarkan peristiwa letusan Gunung Berapi Tambora pada 1815. Dengan menggunakan metod analisis teks, kajian menggunakan Syair Kerajaan Bima dengan tumpuan terhadap episod letusan Gunung Berapi Tambora pada 1815. Dapatan kajian mendapati unsur realisme yang menekankan kepada logik (peristiwa sehari-hari atau semasa) menepati kandungan syair ini. Secara langsung membuktikan bahawa bentuk puisi (syair) merakamkan peristiwa letusan Gunung Berapi Tambora dengan tepat dan rinci yang dimurnikan dengan penggunaan bahasa pelambangan. Rumusannya, peristiwa bencana letusan Gunung Berapi Tambora dalam Syair Kerajaan Bima lebih memberi kesan kepada khalayaknya menerusi penggunaan bahasa yang indah tanpa mengenepikan kebenaran fakta yang sangat penting dalam penentuan kebenaran sejarahnya.

 

Kata kunci: Abdullah Munshi, gunung berapi Tambora 1815, realisme, syair, Syair Kerajaan Bima


This study aimed to discuss the reality of the 1815 volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora in Sumbawa, Indonesia as recorded in a poem (syair) within the context of realism. This eruptive event records the history of mass human deaths and environmental destruction to the point of altering the world’s climate. The event has been widely publicised and noted by Western colonial administrators. Even though syair has been used to record important events, colonial scholars criticise the ability of syair as a medium to depict real events.  This motivated the current study to identify the characteristics and the elements of realism in syair, particularly in the context of the modernity of Malay literature on the 1815 volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora. This study employed a text analysis method to examine Syair Kerajaan Bima, with an emphasis on the episodes of the Tambora event. The findings of the current study discovered that elements of realism that emphasise the logic of daily or topical events correspond to the content of Syair Kerajaan Bima. This indicates that the syair can accurately record and depict the Tambora event, despite its use of metaphors. In conclusion, Syair Kerajaan Bima provides essential facts that determine the truth of the Tambora event through the use of beautiful language.

 

Keywords: Abdullah Munshi, mount Tambora eruption 1815, realism, syair, Syair Kerajaan Bima 


 

 


Keywords


Abdullah Munshi, gunung berapi Tambora 1815, realisme, syair, Syair Kerajaan Bima (Abdullah Munshi, mount Tambora eruption 1815, realism, syair, Syair Kerajaan Bima)

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