Kesan pandemik COVID-19 terhadap jaminan bekalan makanan di Malaysia (Implication of COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Malaysia)

Nurul Izzati Mohd Ali, Kadaruddin Aiyub, Kuok-Choy Lam, Saraswathy Kasavan, Rusinah Siron, Sharif Shofirun Sharif Ali

Abstract


Pandemik Covid-19 telah mengakibatkan masalah global yang lebih besar terutama dari segi jaminan bekalan makanan ketika perintah kawalan pergerakan (PKP) yang dijalankan di seluruh dunia. Malaysia tidak berkecuali terkesan dengan pandemik Covid-19 dan telah memperlahankan aktiviti sektor ekonomi termasuk sektor pertanian. Oleh itu, kertas kajian ini membincangkan secara mendalam mengenai kesan pandemik Covid-19 terhadap jaminan bekalan makanan di Malaysia terutama dari aspek penawaran dan permintaan bekalan makanan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif yang melibatkan analisis dokumen rasmi dan tidak rasmi untuk mendapatkan maklumat mengenai jaminan bekalan makanan semasa pandemik Covid-19. Semasa PKP berlangsung, terdapat petani tempatan yang menghadapi masalah lambakan hasil pertanian akibat penutupan beberapa sektor sokongan seperti peruncitan, pengangkutan dan perkhidmatan makanan. Rantaian dalam sektor pertanian turut terjejas kerana kekurangan input pertanian dan tenaga buruh. Keadaan ini bertambah sukar apabila ketidakcukupan kemudahan penyimpanan bahan makanan mentah dan ia menyebabkan hasil pertanian menjadi rosak. Pada masa yang sama, permintaan bekalan makanan dalam kalangan masyarakat terus meningkat semasa pelaksanaan PKP kerana berlakunya pembelian panik terhadap barang keperluan asas. Kajian ini juga mengutarakan cadangan ke arah meningkatkan kestabilan jaminan bekalan makanan negara terutamanya dalam menghadapi sebarang krisis.

 

The pandemic of Covid-19 has resulted in more significant global problems in terms of food security due to movement control orders (MCO) executed around the world. Malaysia has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and has slowed down the activities of economic sectors, including the agriculture sector. Therefore, this paper discussed in depth the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on food security in Malaysia, especially in terms of food supply and demand. This study used qualitative method involving analysis of formal and informal documents to obtain information on food security during the Covid-19 pandemic. During the MCO, local farmers faced with agricultural produce dumping due to the close of several support sectors such as retail, transportation, and food services. The agricultural supply chain was also affected due to a lack of agricultural inputs and a shortage of labor. This situation is worsened by the inadequacy of food storage facilities which has caused damage to agricultural produce. The demand for food among the community continued to increase during the MCO due to the panic-buying. This study also highlighted several suggestions toward improving the stability of food security in order for the country to withstand any crisis.

Keywords: Covid-19, food security, food demand, food supply, international trade restrictions,  agricultural sector


Keywords


Covid-19; jaminan bekalan makanan; permintaan makanan; penawaran makanan; sekatan perdangan anarabangsa; sektor pertanian

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