Pentadbiran British di Sabah: Kesejahteraan anak negeri melalui penubuhan Mahkamah Anak Negeri 1884-1965 (British administration in Sabah: Well-Being of Anak Negeri through the establishment of The Native Court 1884-1965)
Abstract
Undang-undang adat istiadat di Sabah memainkan peranan yang penting dalam mengatur cara hidup masyarakat anak negeri yang terdiri daripada pelbagai suku dan budaya. Justeru, pentadbiran Syarikat Borneo Utara British (BNBCC) di Sabah tidak campur tangan dalam urusan hukum adat masyarakat tempatan. Oleh itu, bagi menjamin kebajikan dan keistimewaan masyarakat anak negeri Sabah, Mahkamah Anak Negeri telah ditubuhkan bagi mengendalikan hal ehwal anak negeri Sabah dari aspek perundangan adat. Artikel ini akan menganalisis kepentingan yang membawa kepada faktor-faktor utama penubuhan Mahkamah Anak Negeri ini kepada anak negeri Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Melalui kaedah ini, data-data yang diperolehi untuk menghasilkan artikel ini adalah daripada sumber-sumber pertama yang terdapat di Arkib Negeri Sabah dan dokumen-dokumen Mahkamah Anak Negeri. Hasil dapatan kajian ini mendapati penubuhan Mahkamah Anak Negeri adalah disebabkan beberapa faktor iaitu pengaruh undang-undang adat, menjimatkan kos pentadbiran BNBCC, Piagam Diraja 1881 serta pertambahan populasi penduduk.
Kata kunci: adat, mahkamah anak negeri, masyarakat, Sabah, suku, Syarikat Borneo Utara British (BNBCC)
Customary laws in Sabah play an important role in regulating the way of life of indigenous peoples of various ethnicities and cultures. Therefore, the administration of the British North Borneo Company (BNBCC) in Sabah did not interfere in the customary law of the local community. Therefore, to safeguard the welfare and privileges of Sabah's indigenous peoples, the Native Court has been established to deal with the affairs of the indigenous people of Sabah in terms of customary law. This article will analyze the reasons that lead to the establishment of this Native Court for the native of Sabah. This study uses content analysis method. Through this method, the data obtained to produce this article are from the primary sources available in the Sabah State Archives and Native Court documents. The findings of this study found that the formation of the Native Courts was due to several factors, namely the influence of customary law, saving the administration costs of the BNBCC, the Royal Charter 1881 and the increase in population.
Keywords: custom, Native Court, society, Sabah, tribes, British North Borneo Company (BNBCC)
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