Persepsi pemilik rumah Melayu di Selangor terhadap hutang perumahan dan pemegangan rumah alternatif

Abstract

Abstrak

Keberhutangan membawa stigma, konotasi dan implikasi yang tidak baik dalam kalangan masyarakat. Namun begitu, pendapat bahawa sesetengah hutang merupakan ‘hutang baik’, contohnya hutang perumahan kerana rumah dikira satu keperluan asas. Pemilikan rumah secara berhutang mengikat pemilik rumah dalam tempoh hutang yang panjang dan amaun hutang yang tinggi. Oleh itu, risiko kewangan peminjam adalah signifikan, terutama ketika kadar keberhutangan dan delinkuensi dilaporkan berleluasa dalam kalangan isi rumah di Malaysia. Paradoks hutang sebagai satu tegahan dalam Islam dan pada masa yang sama satu ‘keperluan’ kehidupan perlu dibincangkan dalam konteks pemilik rumah Melayu bandar yang sebenarnya mempunyai pilihan sama ada membeli (berhutang) atau menyewa/menyertai skim pemegangan alternatif (tidak berhutang). Kajian ini mendedahkan persepsi pemilik rumah Melayu di Selangor berkenaan hutang perumahan dan pemegangan alternatif. Data kuantitatif diperolehi daripada kajian soal selidik terhadap 480 orang pemilik rumah di Petaling Jaya, Subang Jaya, Shah Alam dan Klang. Kebanyakan responden melihat hutang perumahan sebagai ‘hutang baik’ dan tidak menganggap hutang perumahan sebagai suatu bebanan. Kajian turut menunjukkan kekhuatiran mereka terhadap tanggungan risiko kewangan. Walau bagaimanapun, sewaan dan pemegangan alternatif masih tidak digemari majoriti responden menunjukkan indikasi bahawa paradigma memiliki masih utuh dalam kalangan mereka. Sekiranya trend kenaikan harga rumah berterusan pada masa hadapan, dapatan kajian menunjukkan ketidakmampanan sistem pemilikan rumah sekarang yang terlalu bergantung kepada hutang.

Kata kunci: gadai janji, keberhutangan, Melayu bandar, pemilikan rumah, pemegangan alternatif, penyewaan

Perception of Malay homeowners in Selangor towards housing debt and alternative housing tenure

Abstract

Indebtedness carries negative stigma, connotation and implication within the society, yet there is an opinion that certain debts are ‘good debts’ and are necessary. House purchase debt is often regarded as a good debt because housing is a basic necessity. Home ownership by debt which is known as mortgaged home ownership will bind the home owner in debt for a long term and in a large amount. Due to the significant term and amount, the financial risk on the borrower is high especially when the rates of indebtedness and delinquency are reported to be prevalent among Malaysian households. The paradox of debt as a prohibition in Islam and simultaneously a life ‘necessity’ should be discussed in the context of urban Malay homeowners who actually have a choice either to purchase (indebted) or rent/join an alternative tenure scheme (non-indebted). This study reveals the attitude of Malay homeowners in Selangor regarding housing debt and alternative tenure. Quantitative data were obtained from a questionnaire survey on 480 homeowners in Petaling Jaya, Subang Jaya, Shah Alam and Klang. Most respondents did not regard housing loan as a burden yet showed concern about the financial risk burden. It was also found that renting and alternative tenure was still less favoured by the majority of respondents, an indication of the prevalence of the ownership paradigm among the respondents. If the current trend of house price increase persists in the future, the results of this study indicates a non-sustainability of the current home ownership system that is too dependent on debt.

Keywords: mortgage, indebtedness, urban Malays, home ownership, alternative tenure, renting