Fertiliti dalam kalangan guru wanita di Daerah Kulaijaya, Johor: Satu analisis kuantitatif (Fertility among female teachers in the Kulaijaya District, Johor: A quantitative analysis)

Mohd Zamree Tukiran, Noraziah Ali, Usman Haji Yaakob

Abstract


Wanita dan pekerjaan semakin tidak boleh dipisahkan. Golongan wanita dilihat mendominasi institusi pendidikan tinggi sekaligus membolehkan mereka mendapat kelayakan kerjaya dan pekerjaan yang baik. Perubahan status dan peranan wanita hari ini menyebabkan wanita menangguhkan usia perkahwinan dan menghadkan saiz keluarga. Kertas ini akan cuba meneliti aspek pola fertiliti dalam kalangan guru wanita. Seramai 108 orang responden telah dipilih daripada guru wanita pelbagai etnik yang telah berkahwin di tujuh buah sekolah menengah kebangsaan di sekitar bandar Kulai. Tumpuan utama penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan angkubah terpilih dengan fertiliti guru wanita. Dapatan kajian mendapati majoriti responden menggalas beban tugas perguruan pada tahap berat dan amat berat. Beban tugas perguruan ini mempunyai pengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap kadar fertiliti mereka. Kajian juga menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan bagi angkubah etnik, struktur umur, umur berkahwin, tempoh perkahwinan, tempoh perancang keluarga, bilangan anak ideal dan pendapatan keluarga responden dengan fertiliti guru wanita dalam kajian ini. Keseluruhannya, tekanan kerjaya telah memberikan kesan signifikan terhadap fertiliti dan seterusnya mempengaruhi pertumbuhan penduduk di Malaysia.

Katakunci: beban tugas perguruan, latihan, menangguhkan usia perkahwinan, pola fertiliti, tekanan kerjaya, wanita bekerjaya

Women and work are becoming increasingly inseparable. Higher education is enabling women to gain skills and good jobs and change their present status and role. Consequently, women tend to postpone marriage and limit their family size. This paper examines aspects of fertility patterns among 108 female teachers from seven secondary schools around Kulai. The main focus was on the relationship between selected variables with the fertility of female teachers. The result showed that the majority of teachers had heavy and very heavy school workload. This had anindirect influence on their fertility rate. The study also found a significant relationship between the variables of ethnicity, age structure, age of marriage, length of the marriage, length of family planning, ideal number of children and family income with the fertility of the female teachers in this study. Overall, women’s career pressures had exerted a significant impact on fertility and consequently population growth in Malaysia.

Keywords: career women, career pressures, delayed age of marriage, patterns of fertility, teacher workload, training


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