Globalisasi industri perikanan: Dampak terhadap komuniti nelayan lokal di pesisiran pantai Kota Makassar, Indonesia (Globalization of the fishing industry: It’s impact on the fishing communities of the coastal area of Makassar City, I ndonesia)

Abstract

Industri perikanan telah memberi kesan kepada pendapatan isi rumah dan pola interaksi sosial di kawasan pesisir pantai Kota Makassar. Makalah ini mempunyai dua tujuan, pertama untuk membincangkan pembangunan industri perikanan makro dan kaitannya dengan isu kemunduran dalam kalangan masyarakat nelayan di pesisir Kota Makassar, Indonesia; kedua, memeriksa faktor ekonomi yang mempengaruhi proses pembuatan keputusan dalam kalangan pengeluar, khususnya tentang pasaran eksport ikan dan kesannya ke atas pendapatan nelayan skala kecil. Kedua-dua data primer dan sekunder yang digunakan dalam kajian ini diperolehi melalui kajian luar yang dilakukan di Kota Makassar. Analisis kajian ini mendapati bahawa struktur sosial yang terbentuk dalam kalangan nelayan dan para pengusaha industri perikanan di Kota Makassar telah meletakkan nelayan skala kecil di kedudukan paling rendah dalam proses pengeluaran perikanan. Sedangkan, orang tengah yang mempunyai akses dan kuasa keatas saluran pemasaran dianggap sebagai patron bagi industri perikanan di sini dan lazimnya menduduki status sosial yang tinggi. Tambahan pula, globalisasi telah meninggalkan impak dan melebarkan jurang lagi ketaksamaan sosial dan ekonomi industri tersebut. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa pembangunan industri perikanan di keseluruhan masyarakat nelayan di Kota Makassar masih dalam keadaan terencat.

Katakunci: eksport, globalisasi ekonomi, industri perikanan, kawasan pesisir, nelayan, ragam pengeluaran

Fishing activities on the coastal areas of Makassar City has contributed toward the household income and social interactions of the local fisherfolks. This article
has two objectives which firstly, aims to discuss the development of fishing industry at the macro level and its implication on issues of development and underdevelopment especially toward the livelihood of the fishing communities he
re; the second objective examines the economic factors that influence decision making processes among producers, especially related to the fish-export markets and its impact towards the income of the small-scale fishermen. Both secondary and primary data obtained for this study is based on field research which had been conducted in Makassar City. Social stratification formed among the fisher folks and the fishing entrepreneurs in Makassar City had placed the small-scale fishermen at the lower rungof the fishing production, while the middlemen that have access and control of the marketing channels are considered the patron of
the fishing industry here and usually of a higher social status. In addition, globalization has an impact which further accentuate the social and economic inequality of the fishing industry, thus, an inevitable indication that the development of the entire fishing communities in Makassar City is still deform.

Keywords: coastal areas, eksport, economic globalisation, fishermen, fishing industry, production patterns