Faktor persekitaran sekolah dan etnik dalam perancangan dan pelaksanaan program pendidikan Bahasa Melayu di Malaysia (School environmental and ethnic factors in the planning and implementation of Malay Language Education in Malaysia)

Abstract

Kajian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis dan menilai pengaruh pemboleh ubah etnik dan persekitaran sekolah terhadap tahap penguasaan bahasa Melayu para pelajar Melayu dan Cina. Data kajian diperolehi melalui pentadbiran borang soal selidik kepada para pemaklum kajian. Borang soal selidik ini mengandungi tiga bahagian. Bahagian A mengumpul data demografi para pemaklum. Bahagian B menguji tahap penguasaan pengetahuan nahu para pelajar, dan bahagian C menguji tahap penguasaan kecekapan berbahasa Melyu. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat perbezaan tahap penguasaan pengetahuan bahasa Melayu di antara pelajar Melayu dengan pelajar Cina. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan persekitaran sekolah hanya mempengaruhi para pelajar Melayu dengan ertikata prestasi bahasa Melayu mereka menurun apabila di tempatkan di dalam bilik darjah yang ramai pelajar Cina meskipun bahasa Melayu adalah bahasa ibunda mereka. Kajian ini membayangkan bahawa pemboleh ubah etnik dan persekitaran sekolah boleh memberikan impaks yang signifikan terhadap proses perancangan dan pelaksanaan program pendidikan bahasa Melayu di Malaysia.

Katakunci: data demografi, etnisiti, kecekapan berbahasa, pendidikan bahasa, pengetahuan nahu, persekitaran sekolah

The importance of a national language in nation building cannot be over-emphasised. Malaysian nation building, for example, has a lot to do with the moulding of national solidarity through the usage of the Malay language and the implementation of Malay language education. This study was conducted to analyze and assess the influence of ethnicity and school environment on the level of Malay language acquisition amongst Malay and Chinese students. Data were collected through the administration of questionnaires to the informants. The questionnaire consisted of three parts. Part A collected demographic data of the informants. Part B test their knowledge of Malay grammar, and Part C test the proficiency of the informants on Malay language. The study reveals that there are differences in the level of knowledge of the Malay language amongst Malay and Chinese students. Significantly, the findings also show that school environment affects mostly the Malays in that their Malay language proficiency tends to be lower when placed in classrooms with more Chinese students even though Malay is their mother tongue . This finding suggests that ethnicity and school environment may incur significant impacts on the planning and implementation of Malay language educational programme in Malaysia.

Keywords: demographic data, ethnicity, grammatical knowledge, language education, language proficiency, school environment