Rekod baru spesies rama-rama penyebab alahan di Malaysia (Toxoproctis hemibathes) dan kajian kesannya terhadap penduduk di Mukim Labis dan Mukim Bekok, Johor (A new skin- allergy causing moth species (Toxoproctis hemibathes) and the study of its impact on the residents of Mukim Labis and Mukim Bekok, Johor)

Norela Sulaiman, Mohd Hasni Jaafar, Asmah Ahmad, Nurhafizah Baharudin, Maimon Abdullah

Abstract


Satu ledakan populasi rama-rama yang dikenalpasti sebagai Toxoproctis hemibathes (Famili Lymantridae) telah menyebabkan simptom alahan di kalangan penduduk tempatan di mukim Labis dan mukim Bekok, Johor Darul Takzim pada 9-16 Ogos, 2007. Ekoran kejadian tersebut satu kajian mengenai kesan alahan terhadap penduduk yang terlibat telah dijalankan pada 22 hingga 26 November 2008 melalui survei soal selidik ke atas 161 responden yang terkena alahan, yang terdiri daripada pelbagai peringkat umur, jantina, etnik dan pekerjaan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa alahan terjadi pada peringkat umur antara 10 hingga 19 tahun (24.2%) terutamanya di kalangan lelaki (59.0%), etnik Melayu (63.4%), pelajar sekolah (32.3%) dan penduduk yang tinggal di mukim Labis (59.6%), terutama di Ladang North Labis (28.6%). Tanda alahan umum yang didapati adalah dermatitis (98.1%) dengan simptom kulit merah (99.4%), pada tahap alahan yang sederhana (73.0%) dan dengan tempoh keradangan antara 1 hingga 7 hari (76.0%). Kesan gejala lain adalah seperti gangguan tidur (92.5%), kurang selera makan (5.0%), timbul penyakit lain (7.5%) dan mendapat cuti sakit (19.3%). Sebanyak 98.8% responden telah menggunakan ubat tertentu bagi merawat alahan, iaitu ubatan moden (93.8%) bagimengatasi keradangan dan 62.7% responden menggunakan racun serangga biasa bagi mengawal populasi ramarama berkenaan. Spesies ini merupakan rekod baru bagi Semenanjung Malaysia dan rama-rama ini menyebabkan alahan terutamanya di kalangan lelaki, meliputi peringkat umur antara 10 hingga 19 tahun, etnik Melayu dan pelajar sekolah. Terdapat hubungan yang bererti di antara jantina dengan tahap alahan (p=0.042) dan di antara etnik dengan tahap alahan (p=0.007). Kesan alahan tertumpu pada penduduk yang tinggal di , mukim Labis, terutama di Ladang North Labis. Kesan alahan utama adalah gatal-gatal kulit dan penduduk menggunakan kaedah perubatan moden untuk mengatasi keradangan. Kesan alahan ini adalah kes terpencil, oleh itu kajian lanjut diperlukan untuk mengetahui punca dan mekanisme alahan dengan lebih terperinci.

Katakunci: alahan, dermatitis, Ladang North Labis, Mukim Bekok, rama-rama, Toxoproctis hemibathes

A population outbreak of the moth species identified taxonomically as Toxoproctis hemibathes (Family Lymantriidae) had occurred between 9-16 August 2007, triggering allergic reactions manifested as skin rashes, intense itchiness and dermatitis among the local residents of Mukim Labis and Mukim Bekok, in Peninsular southern state of Johor. Follow-up surveys of the allergic incident were conducted from 22 to 26 November 2008 involving 161 afflicted respondents comprising different age, gender, ethnicity and occupational groups. Results of the studies showed that the allergic reactions mostly involved young people within the age range of 10 to 19 years old (24.2%), especially males (59.0%), Malays (63.4%), school children (32.3%) and local residents of Mukim Labis (59.6%), and particularly workers of the North Labis plantation (28.6%). The most prevalent allergic symptoms were intense skin itchiness (98.1%) and skin rashes (99.4%), with the majority manifesting mild allergic reactions (73.0%) lasting between 1 to 7 days (76.0%). The problem also involved interrupted sleep (92.5%), loss of appetite (5.0%), and other ailments (7.5%), which required medical leave (19.3%). About 98.8% of the afflicted respondents applied self cures using modern drugs and ointments (93.8%) and 62.7% used commercial insecticides to eliminate the moth population outbreaks. The moth species identified, Toxoproctis hemibathes, was a new record for Peninsular Malaysia. Further data analyses found significant positive correlations between the severity of allergic symptoms and gender (p=0.042) as well as ethnicity (p=0.007). However, the prevalence was confined to the local residents of mukim Labis only, particularly those in the North Labis plantation. This outbreak was an isolated case, and thus, further studies should be conducted to determine the actual cause and mechanisms invloved in the allergic reactions triggered by this particular species of moths.

Keywords: allergy, dermatitis, moths, Mukim Bekok, North Labis Estate, Toxoproctis hemibathes


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