Syntactic Analysis of Motion Verb Structures in Malay: A Minimalist Approach

Ahmad Syafiq Amir Abdullah Zawawi, Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan, Rodney Jubilado

Abstract


Previous studies have delved into the analysis of motion verbs (MV) from both structural and theoretical perspectives. From a structural viewpoint, it was observed that MV is not mandatory in sentence structure, leading to the emergence of a specific pattern in Malay, DP-PrepP. On the theoretical front of previous theory, scholars suggested that MV still plays a role but implicitly in sentence structure, particularly when appearing with Prep. This conclusion implied that MV becomes optional in the presence of Prep. However, these analyses exhibit notable gaps, specifically the absence of a comprehensive explanation regarding the factors that render optional MV in sentence structure. Consequently, the optionality of Malay motion verbs is reexamined through their morphosyntactic features within the Minimalist framework. Data for this studywere sourced from the DBP corpus, focusing on MV coupled with the PrepP 'ke.'. The findings indicate that MV is frequently associated with PrepP 'ke' tends to be a non-ergative verb. In the vP shells analysis, MV acquires explicit and implicit existence features [±Ov, ±Cov] from the Prep carrying the [direction] feature. PrepP contributes locative information [Loc] to the MV within the sentence structure. Additionally, the study reveals that in a non-ergative structure, the MV when positioned as the head of V is elevated to the small k position to fulfill theta and case marking requirements. This research is anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for future MV investigations centered on its morphosyntactic features and its influence on sentence structure.

 

Keywords: morphosyntactic features; motion verb; minimalist; optionality; PrepP 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Kajian terdahulu telah meneliti analisis kata kerja gerak (KKG/MV) daripada perspektif struktural dan teoretis. Dari sudut struktural, didapati bahawa MV tidak bersifat wajib dalam struktur ayat sehingga menghasilkan pola khusus dalam bahasa Melayu, iaitu DP-PrepP. Dari sudut teoretis pula, sarjana terdahulu mencadangkan bahawa MV masih memainkan peranan secara implisit dalam struktur ayat, khususnya apabila hadir bersama Prep. Kesimpulan ini menunjukkan bahawa MV menjadi opsional apabila wujudnya Prep. Walau bagaimanapun, analisis tersebut memperlihatkan beberapa kelompongan yang ketara, khususnya ketiadaan penjelasan yang menyeluruh tentang faktor yang menyebabkan MV bersifat opsional dalam struktur ayat. Oleh itu, sifat opsional kata kerja gerak bahasa Melayu diteliti semula melalui fitur morfosintaksisnya dalam kerangka Minimalis. Data kajian ini diperoleh daripada korpus DBP dengan memfokuskan MV yang digandingkan dengan PrepP ‘ke’. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa MV yang kerap hadir bersama PrepP ‘ke’ cenderung merupakan kata kerja tak ergatif. Dalam analisis cangkerang vP, MV memperoleh fitur kewujudan eksplisit dan implisit [±Ov, ±Cov] daripada Prep yang membawa fitur [arah]. PrepP turut menyumbang maklumat lokatif [Lok] kepada MV dalam struktur ayat. Selain itu, kajian ini mendapati bahawa dalam struktur tak ergatif, MV yang berada pada posisi kepala V dinaikkan ke posisi k kecil bagi memenuhi keperluan penandaan teta dan kasus. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan penting bagi penyelidikan akan datang berkaitan MV yang memfokuskan fitur morfosintaksis serta pengaruhnya terhadap struktur ayat.

 

Kata Kunci: fitur morfosintaksis; kata kerja gerak; Minimalis; opsyenaliti; PrepP


Keywords


morphosyntactic features; motion verb; minimalist; optionality; PrepP

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