Tahap Pemprofesionalan Bidang Kejurubahasaan di Malaysia (The Status of Interpreting Professionalisation in Malaysia)
Abstract
Walaupun mempunyai sejarah yang panjang, kejurubahasaan sebagai sebuah kerjaya profesional masih ketinggalan di banyak negara termasuk Malaysia. Secara umumnya, jurubahasa masih dianggap sebagai kerjaya separa profesional yang masih berstatus rendah dan belum berkembang menjadi kerjaya profesional sepenuhnya memandangkan ia masih belum memenuhi ciri-ciri sebuah kerjaya profesional. Kajian ilmiah sedia ada berkaitan pemprofesionalan bidang kejurubahasaan di Malaysia amat terhad dan agak ketinggalan. Sepanjang lebih satu dekad yang lalu tiada kajian susulan dilakukan. Kajian ini meninjau perkembangan terkini proses pemprofesionalan bidang kejurubahasaan di Malaysia dengan mengaplikasikan satu-satunya model pemprofesionalan yang dibangunkan khusus untuk bidang kejurubahasaan iaitu model Tseng (1992) dengan memberi tumpuan kepada tiga elemen: (1) institusi pendidikan dan latihan, (2) persatuan/organisasi berkaitan kejurubahasaan, dan (3) sokongan politik dan kerajaan. Kaedah penyelidikan utama yang digunakan adalah kajian dokumen (document review). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa walaupun terdapat perkembangan yang positif, bidang kejurubahasaan di Malaysia, secara umumnya, masih memaparkan ciri-ciri kecelaruan pasaran, dengan ketiadaan badan yang mengawal selia kemasukan pasaran dan menetapkan kod etika jurubahasa. Malaysia kini boleh dikatakan berada di fasa pertama (kecelaruan), kedua (pendidikan dan latihan) dan ketiga (pengiktirafan) secara serentak dalam model pemprofesionalan Tseng. Ini kerana sebahagian elemen ketiga-tiga fasa ini wujud dalam bidang kejurubahasaan tempatan, namun masih belum mencapai tahap kematangan. Apa yang diharapkan adalah untuk pemegang taruh industri kejurubahasaan tempatan terutamanya persatuan dan organisasi berkaitan kejurubahasaan, organisasi yang menyediakan pendidikan dan latihan kejurubahasaan, dan kerajaan menggembleng tenaga untuk terus berusaha merealisasikan proses pemprofesionalan kerjaya kejurubahasaan di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: kejurubahasaan; jurubahasa; pemprofesionalan; model Tseng; Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Despite its long history, interpreting as a professional career is still lagging in many countries including Malaysia. Interpreting practice in general is still regarded as a low-status, semi-professional occupation that has yet to develop to a full-fledged profession. Existing research on the professionalisation of interpreting practice in Malaysia is quite limited and outdated. There has been no follow-up research conducted over the past decade. Based on Tseng’s interpreting professionalisation model (1992), this study explores the latest development related to the professionalisation of interpreting practice in Malaysia, by focusing on three key elements: (1) education and training institutions, (2) associations/organisations related to interpreting, and (3) political and governmental support. The primary research method used for this study is document review. The findings show that although there are positive developments, interpreting practice in Malaysia still exhibits features of market disorder, due to the absence of a body which regulates market entry and provides a code of ethics. The local interpreting scene may be described as simultaneously being in phases one (disorder), two (education and training) and three (recognition) of Tseng’s model of professionalisation. Elements of all three phases partially exist in the local interpreting landscape but have yet to reach maturity. It is hoped that stakeholders in the Malaysian interpreting industry, namely the associations and organisations related to interpreting, education and training providers, and the government, will work hand in hand to continue the efforts of professionalising interpreting practice in Malaysia.
Keywords: interpreting; interpreter; professionalisation; Tseng’s model; Malaysia
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2022-2202-08
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