Domain dan Pemilihan Bahasa Generasi Muda Murut di Daerah Keningau, Sabah (The Domains and Language Choice Among the Young Murut Generation in Keningau District, Sabah)
Abstract
Masyarakat Murut di Keningau merupakan salah satu etnik di Pedalaman Sabah. Dalam beberapa kajian lepas, banyak bahasa etnik di Sabah dilaporkan berdepan dengan isu keterancaman bahasa akibat arus pemodenan. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti pilihan bahasa yang digunakan oleh generasi muda Murut ketika berkomunikasi dalam domain keluarga, persahabatan dan pendidikan. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan kerangka domain dan pilihan bahasa yang diperkenalkan oleh Fishman (1972b). Seramai 37 pelajar sekolah menengah etnik Murut telah dipilih sebagai responden kajian. Data diperoleh melalui borang soal selidik yang mengandungi empat bahagian, iaitu demografi, domain keluarga, domain persahabatan dan domain pendidikan. Memandangkan ini adalah kajian kuantitatif, maka data dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 27. Hasil kajian mendapati perubahan pilihan bahasa telah berlaku dalam kalangan penutur remaja etnik Murut kerana setiap hari mereka bertembung dengan individu berbeza. Selain itu, didapati bahasa Ibunda dan dialek Melayu Sabah merupakan pilihan bahasa utama dalam kalangan generasi muda Murut ketika berkomunikasi sesama ahli keluarga. Manakala, dialek Melayu Sabah merupakan bahasa diguna ketika berkomunikasi dalam domain persahabatan. Senario sama dipaparkan melalui domain pendidikan, yakni dialek Melayu Sabah sebagai pilihan generasi muda etnik Murut untuk berkomunikasi dengan rakan sekolah. Daripada dapatan analisis, ia jelas menunjukkan bahawa generasi muda etnik Murut akan “menukar” penggunaan bahasa mengikut keperluan atau persekitaran mereka. Walaupun kini dialek Melayu Sabah kerap diguna dalam kalangan penutur remaja Murut, namun mereka masih mempunyai tanggapan positif terhadap bahasa Ibunda dan daya tahan bahasa Murut sebagai bahasa Ibunda masih utuh dan berada di tahap yang selamat.
Kata Kunci: Dialek Melayu Sabah; Domain Bahasa; Keningau, Sabah; Murut; Pilihan Bahasa
ABSTRACT
The Keningau Murut community is one of the ethnic groups in Sabah interior. Previous studies reported that many ethnic languages in Sabah face an issue of language vulnerability due to modernization. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the language choices used by the younger generation of Muruts when communicating in the domains of family, friendship and education. This study applied the domain and language choice framework introduced by Fishman (1972). 37 Murut students in secondary school selected as a respondent. The data were obtained from a questionnaire that contains four parts, namely the demographics, family domain, friendship domain, and education domain. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. The results found that changes in language choice have occurred among Murut teenagers as they encounter different individuals every day. Apart from that, mother tongue and the Sabah Malay dialect are the main language of choice among the young generation when communicating with family members. Meanwhile, the Sabah Malay dialect is used when communicating in friendship domain. The same scenario displayed in the education domain. From the findings of the analysis, it is clear that the young generation of the Murut will "change" the use of language according to their needs or environment. Although the Sabah Malay dialect is often used among young speakers, but they still have a positive perception towards mother tongue and the resilience of the Murut language is still intact and at a safe level.
Keywords: Sabah Malay dialect; Keningau, Sabah; Language Domains; Murut; Language Choice
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2022-2203-07
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