Interdiskursiviti dalam Perutusan Arahan Kerajaan Berkaitan COVID-19 (Interdiscursivity in COVID-19 Movement Control Order Speech)

Harshita Aini Haroon, Zaliza Zubir, Noor Asliza Abdul Rahim, Noriha Basir

Abstract


Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) telah dilaksanakan sebanyak dua kali iaitu pada 18 Mac 2020 dan 13 Januari 2021 semenjak penularan COVID-19 di Malaysia melalui perutusan Perdana Menteri yang disiarkan secara langsung dalam media elektronik. Walaupun bertujuan memaklumkan khalayak tentang arahan PKP, dijangkakan teks perutusan tersebut dibentuk melalui jalinan wacana atau interdiskursiviti iaitu gabungan genre wacana dan stail yang melaksanakan pelbagai fungsi dalam proses penyampaian arahan, berdasarkan hegemoni politik, ideologi dan budaya masyarakat. Pelbagai persoalan dan persepsi wujud dalam pemikiran rakyat sebelum perutusan PKP diumumkan oleh Perdana Menteri Malaysia. Teks perutusan PKP mengandungi pelbagai hasrat Perdana Menteri dan Kerajaan seperti menyampaikan maklumat, memberikan arahan, menenangkan hati rakyat dan sebagainya. Kaedah analisis kandungan digunakan untuk menganalisis dua teks PKP dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.  Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti fungsi dan jenis wacana yang digunakan dalam kedua-dua teks perutusan PKP, seterusnya merungkaikan teknik yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan fungsi tersebut berdasarkan kerangka analisis fungsi wacana dipetik daripada Idris Aman (2006). Kaedah analisis kandungan digunakan untuk menganalisis dua teks PKP dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Dapatan kajian mengemukakan tafsiran interdiskursiviti dalam teks PKP yang direalisasikan melalui lima fungsi utama, iaitu memberitahu, memahamkan, mengemukakan/mempertahan pandangan, meluah hasrat dan mengeluarkan arahan. Hasil kajian juga mendapati bahawa penggunaan tiga teknik baharu dalam fungsi meluah hasrat, iaitu empati, nasihat dan penghargaan. Selain itu, kajian ini memberi kefahaman bahawa interdiskursiviti wujud dalam teks yang mempunyai satu objektif utama dengan pelbagai tujuan yang bergantung pada faktor khalayak, persekitaran dan situasi semasa. Penggunaan interdiskursiviti juga merupakan refleksi kepada strategi komunikasi pewacana yang mengimbangi antara keperluan menunjukkan keprihatinan kepada khalayak dengan keperluan menyampaikan arahan PKP.

 

Katakunci: interdiskursiviti; perintah kawalan pergerakan; perutusan; fungsi wacana; teknik wacana

 

ABSTRACT

 

Malaysia’s Movement Control Order (MCO) has been enforced twice, on 18 March 2020 and 13 January 2021 since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, both through speeches delivered on live telecast by its Prime Minister. While the speeches were aimed at informing the people of the order, it is anticipated that they contain interdiscursivity, that is a combination of discourse genres and styles, which carries out multiple functions in delivering messages pertaining to the order, based on political hegemony, ideology and culture. Prior to the announcement, the public is rife with questions and perceptions of what the MCO may involve. The speeches conveyed the Prime Minister’s and the government’s intentions such as delivering information, providing instruction, calming the people, and the like. Content analysis was conducted on two MCO speeches using qualitative approaches. The study is aimed at identifying functions and types of discourse, as well as deciphering techniques used to achieve the functions, using Idris Aman’s (2006) discourse functions analysis framework. The study proposes interdiscursivity elements in the MCO texts, realised through five main functions of informing, providing understanding, presenting/defending opinions, expressing (one’s views) and issuing orders. The study also found the use of three techniques additional to the existing framework, that of empathy, advice and appreciation. The study indicates that interdiscursivity is used in a text that contains a main objective for multiple purposes, which are determined by audience, environmental and situational factors. The presence of interdiscursivity also reflects the speaker’s communication strategy, balancing between exhibiting sensitivity to public concerns and issuing the order.

 

Keywords: interdiscursivity; movement control order; speech; discourse functions; discourse techniques


Full Text:

PDF

References


Asmah Haji Omar. (2009). Panduan Wacana Akademik Teori dan Penerapan. Edisi Kedua. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Azizan, M., Ismail, H. H., & Qaiwer, S. N. (2020). Power and Solidarity in positive Facebook postings amidst Covid-19 in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 5(2), 329-364.

Biber, D., Egbert, J., Keller, D, & Wizner, S. (2021). Towards a taxonomy of conversational discourse types: An empirical corpus-based analysis. Journal of Pragmatics 171, 20-35.

COVID-19 Chronology in Malaysia. (2020, Mac 17). Bernama.com https://www.bernama.com/en/general/news_covid-19.php?id=1821902

Esther Chikaodi Anyanwu. (2020). Stylistic Analysis Of President Buhari’s Addresses Of Nigerians In The Face Of Covid-19 Pandemic. European Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 8(4), 14-27

Fage-Butler, A. (2015). Investigating Interdiscursivity in Hospital Strategic Plans Using Foucauldian Discourse Analysis. Hermes (Denmark). 27(54), 35-36.

Fairclough, N. (1992a). Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Fairclough, N. (1992b). Intertextuality in Critical Discourse Analysis. Language and Education, 4(3), 269-293.

Fairclough, N. (1993). Critical discourse analysis and the marketisation of public discourse: The universities. Discourse and Society, 4, 133-168.

Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. London: Longman.

Fairclough, N. & Wodak, R. (1997). Critical Discourse Analysis dlm, van Dijk T.A. Discourse as Social Introduction. (pp. 258-284). London: Sage Publication Ltd.Foucault, M. (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon.

Harshita Aini Haroon, Noor Asliza Abdul Rahim, Noriha Basir, & Zaliza Zubir. (2020). Lakuan ilokusi ucapan Zahid Hamidi dalam PAU 2017 dan 2018. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 20(2), 96-114.

Hayati Ibrahim (2020, Mei 1). PKP: Negara dianggarkan rugi RM63 bilion. Harian Metro. https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2020/05/573360/pkp-negara-dianggarkan-rugi-rm63-bilion

Idris Aman. (2006). Analisis Wacana Mahathir Mohamad. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Idris Aman. (2011). Mengurus wacana dan kepimpinan: analisis ucapan sulung Perdana Menteri Malaysia Keenam. Jurnal Bahasa. 11(2), 235-272.

Joharry, S. A. (2020). Examining Malaysian public letters to editor on Covid-19 pandemic: A corpus-assisted discourse analysis. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 20(3). 242-260. https://ejournal.ukm.my/gema/article/view/40008/10920

Liza Mokhtar & Ridauddin Daud. (2020, Mac 21). Pakej selamatkan ekonomi angkara Covid-19. Sinar Harian. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/74759/BERITA/Nasional/Pakej-selamatkan-ekonomi-angkara-Covid-19

Ministry of Health Malaysia. http://covid-19.moh.gov.my/

Mohamad Fitri Mohamad Yusoff, Zaitul Azma Zainon Hamzah, Pabiyah Hajimaming @ Pabiyah Toklubok, Nor Azuwan Yaakob (2019). Hubungan dialektikal praktis sosial muamalat dengan ciri leksikal wacana perbankan Islam. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 7(1), 47-54.

Mohammadi, M., & Javadi, J. (2017). A critical discourse analysis of Donald Trump’s language use in US presidential campaign, 2016. International journal of applied linguistics and English literature, 6(5), 1-10.

Muhammad Faizul Abd Hamid & Mohd Azidan Abdul Jabar. (2020). Penghuraian Strategi Wacana Teks Ucapan Belanjawan 2019. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 20(2), 244-263.

Muhammad Ridhwan Sarifin & Nur Hafizah Yusoff. (2020). Reactions of Malaysian citizens towards Movement Control Order (MCO) during the transmission of COVID-19 pandemic. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 14, 4101-4108.

Mohd Zaky Zainuddin (2021, Feb 4). Pelaksanaan PKP 2.0 bukan perkara mudah. BH Online.

https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2021/02/783072/pelaksanaan-pkp-20-bukan-perkara-mudah

Phillips, L and Jorgensen, M.W. 2002. Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method. London/Thousand Oaks/New Delhi: Sage.

Pung, R., Chiew, C.J., Young, B.E., Chin, S., Chen, M.I., Clapham, H.E., Cook, A.R., Maurer-Stroh, S., Toh, M.P., Poh, C., & Low, M. (2020) Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures. Lancet, 395(10229), 1039–1046.

Radiman Junaidi. (2012). Analisis Wacana Terhadap Ucapan Kepimpinan Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Tesis Doktor Falsafah, UPM.

Rahim Aman & Norfazila Ab. Hamid. (2015). Strategi wacana komunikasi teks Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah: Satu analisis kebahasaan. Jurnal Komunikasi, 31(1), 205-220.

Renkema, J. (1993). Discourse Studies: An Introductory Textbook. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Renstrom, R.A. & Ottati, V.C. (2020). “I Feel Your Pain”: The effect of displaying empathy on political candidate evaluation. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 8(2), 767–787.

Rohaidah Haron. (2012). Bahasa dan identiti: Analisis wacana UMNO Najib Razak. Tesis Doktor Falsafah: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.

Rohaidah Haron. (2016). Bahasa dan Identiti: Wacana Mohd Najib Razak. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Sanat Md. Nasir. (2005). Ucapan bajet 2006 oleh Perdana Menteri Malaysia: analisis wacana kritis plus dalam Perbandingan. Jurnal Pengajian Melayu, Jilid 16, 218-240.

Siti Aeisha Joharry & Syamimi Turiman. (2020). Examining Malaysian public letters to editor on COVID-19 pandemic: a corpus-assisted discourse analysis. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 20(3) 242-260.

Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (2020, 30 Januari). https://www.who.int/news/item/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-

outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus

Sultan & Muhammad Rapi (2020). positive discourse analysis of the Indonesian government spokesperson's discursive strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 20(4), 268-290.

Windsor, L., Dowell, N. & Graesser, A. (2014) The language of autocrats: Leaders’ language in natural disaster crises. Risk, Hazards, and Crisis in Public Policy, 5(4), 446–467.

Windsor, L., Dowell, N., Windsor, A. & Kaltner, J. (2018) Leader Language and Political Survival Strategies. International Interactions, 44(2), 321-336.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2021-2104-03

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

 

 

eISSN : 2550-2131

ISSN : 1675-8021