Persuasive Strategies of Jordanian Government in Fighting Covid-19

Asim Ayed Alkhawaldeh

Abstract


Since the outbreak of Covid-19 in March 2020 in Jordan that has continued to grow and impact all spheres of our lives, the government has been struggling to curb the pandemic through a range of safety and health measures. To this end, the government officials have employed diverse linguistic strategies in different media outlets to realize persuasion on the target audience in order to increase their awareness about the ongoing crisis and win public compliance and cooperation. Therefore, the present paper seeks, as its overriding goal, to explore the common linguistic strategies used by the Jordanian government to enhance its credibility and convince the public of the importance of effective adherence to its Covid-19 related policies (e.g. social distancing, face mask wearing, and self-hygiene).  As an eclectic method of inquiry, the study draws generally on the perspective of discourse analysis and pragmatics. In addition, our analysis is informed by a corpus-based approach. The synthesis of our findings demonstrates that the government consistently and systematically utilizes various strategies for its persuasive intention (e.g. metaphor, repetition, and religious quotation). It also shows that the rationale beyond the respective persuasive techniques seems to win public compliance and cooperation, reassure the public, undermine opponent’s counterclaims, and project a trustworthy and praiseworthy image.


Keywords


Covid-19; Persuasive Strategies; Interviews; Corpus; Jordanian government

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adam, M. (2017). Persuasion in Religious Discourse: Enhancing Credibility in Sermon Titles and Openings. Discourse and Interaction. 10(2), 5-25.

Alafnan, Mohammad. (2020). Covid-19- The Foreign Virus: Media Bias, Ideology and Dominance in Chinese and American Newspaper Articles. International Journal of

Applied Linguistics & English Literature. 9(1), 56-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.9n.1p.56

Alemi, Minoo., Latifi, Ashkan., & Nematzadeh, Arash. (2018). Persuasion in Political Discourse: Barak Obama’s Presidential Speeches against Isis. Russian Journal of

Linguistics. 22(2), 278-291.

Al-Khatib, Mahmoud. (1994). A Sociolinguistic View of the Language of Persuasion in Jordanian Society. Language, Culture, and Curriculum. 7(2), 161-174.

Al-Khawaldeh, Asim. (2018). Discourse Functions of Kama in Arabic Journalistic Discourse from the Perspective of Rhetorical Structure Theory. International Journal

of Applied Linguistics and Literature. 7(3), 206-213.

Alkhirbash, Abdulrahman. (2016). Speech Acts as Persuasive Devices in Selected Speeches of Dr. Mahathir Mohammed. International Journal of English and

Education. 5 (2), 81-103. Retrieved April 28, 2020 from http://ijee.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/8.9925443.pdf

Altikriti, Sahar. (2016). Persuasive Speech Acts in Barack Obama’s Inaugural Speeches (2009, 2013) and The Last State of the Union Address. International Journal of

Linguistics, 8 (2), 47-66.

Angermuller, Johannes. (2015). Discourse Studies. In: James D. Wright, (Ed.). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 510-515).

Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Beebe and Beebe. (2018). Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach. Boston: Pearson Education.

Berger, L. L., & Stanchi, K. M. (2018). Legal Persuasion: A Rhetorical Approach to the Science. New York: Routledge.

Biber, D. (1993). Representativeness in Corpus Design. Literary and Linguistic Computing. 8, 243–257.

Charteris-Black, Jonathan. (2011). Politicians and Rhetoric: The Persuasive Power of Metaphor. Palgrave Macmillan.

Chiang, W. and Duann, R. (2007). Conceptual Metaphors for SARS: ‘war’ between whom?’. Discourse & Society. 18(5), 579-602.

Crismore A. & R. Farnsworth (1989). Mr. Darwin and His Readers: Exploring Interpersonal Metadiscourse as a Dimension of Ethos. Rhetoric Review. 8 (1), 91–112.

Crismore, A., Markkanen R., & Steffensen, M. (1993). Metadiscourse in Persuasive Writing: A Study of Texts Written by American and Finnish University Students.

Written Communication. 10(1), 39–71.

Dafouz-Milne, E. (2008). The Pragmatic Role of Textual and Interpersonal Metadiscourse Markers in the Construction and Attainment of Persuasion: A Cross-linguistic

Study of Newspaper. Journal of Pragmatics, 40 (1), 95-113.

Donahue, M. J., & Nielsen, M. E. (2005). Religion, Attitudes, and Social Behavior. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.). Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and

Spirituality (pp. 274–291). New York: The Guilford Press.

Fahnestock, J. (2011). Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fairclough, Norman. (1995). Media discourse. London: E. Arnold.

Gadd, N. (1999). A Systemic Functional Analysis of a Televised Political Debate before the 1996 Australian Federal Election. Unpublished M.A thesis, University of

Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Ghazani, A. Z. (2016). Study of Persuasive Strategies in Selected American Presidential Speeches. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies. 3(2),

- 647.

Haddad, Amal, & Montero-Martinez, Silvia. (2020). COVID-19: A Metaphor-Based Neologism and Its Translation into Arabic. Journal of Science Communication.

(05) https://jcom.sissa.it/archive/19/05/JCOM_1905_2020_A01

Harwood, Nigel (2007). Political Scientists on the Functions of Personal Pronouns in Their Writing: An Interview-Based Study of ‘I’ and ‘we’. Text & Talk. 27(1), 27–54

Higbee, Kennethe. (1969). Fifteen Years of Fear Arousal: Research on Threat Appeals: 1953-1968. Psychological Bulletin. 72(6), 426-444.

Ho, Victor. (2016). Discourse of Persuasion: A Preliminary Study of the Use of Metadiscourse in Policy Documents. Text & Talk. 36 (1), 1-21.

Hons, Emma. (2020). War and imprisonment: A discourse analysis exploring the construction of meanings and realities surrounding COVID-19 within mainstream

news media. M.A thesis, the University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Retrieved July 20, 2020 from

https://www.herts.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/315999/War-and-Imprisonment-A-Discourse-Analysis-Exploring-the-Construction-of-Meanings-and-

Realities-Surrounding-COVID-19-Within-Mainstream-News-Media-.pdf

Hyland, K. (2001). Humble Servants of the Discipline? Self-Mention in Research Articles. English for Specific Purposes. 20(3), 207–226.

Hyland, K. (2005). A Convincing Argument: Corpus Analysis and Academic Persuasion. In Connor, U. & Upton, T., (Eds.). Discourse in the Professions: Perspectives

from Corpus Linguistics (pp. 87-114). Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Íñigo-Mora, Isabel. (2004). On the Use of the Personal Pronoun We in Communities. Journal of Language and Politics. 3(1), 27–52.

Ipspos. (2020). Ipsos’ Jordanian Consumer Sentiment Index Q2 2020. https://www.ipsos.com/en-jo/ipsos-jordanian-consumer-sentiment-index-q2-2020

Issa, Sadam. (2017). A study into Politeness Strategies and Politeness Markers in Jordanian Print Advertisements as Persuasive Tools. Journal of politeness Research. 13(1), 61-87

Johnstone, K. B. (1987). Parataxis in Arabic: Modification as a Model for Persuasion. Studies in Language. 11(1), 85-98.

Johnstone, K. B. (1989). Linguistic strategies and cultural styles for persuasive discourse. In S. Ting-Toomey & F. Korzenny (Eds.), Language, communication, and

culture (pp. 139-157). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Khajavi, Y., & Rasti, A. (2020). A Discourse Analytic Investigation into Politicians’ Use of Rhetorical and Persuasive Strategies: The Case of US Election Speeches.

Cogent Arts & Humanities. 7(1), 1-15 https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1740051

Lee, G. (2005). Persuasion, Transparency and Government Speech. Hastings Law Journal. 56 (5), 983-994.

Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lulu, R. A. & Alkaff, S. N. H. (2019). A Cross-Cultural Study of Persuasive Strategies in Relationship Advice Articles in Women’s Magazines. GEMA Online® Journal of

Language Studies. 19(2), 15-32.

Mulholland, Joan. (2005). Handbook of Persuasive Tactics. London: Routledge.

Muschalik, Julia. (2018). Threatening in English: A mixed Method Approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Nor Fariza Mohd Nor & Adlyn Syahirah Zulcafli. (2020). Corpus Driven Analysis of News Reports about Covid-19 in a Malaysian Online Newspaper. GEMA Online®

Journal of Language Studies. 20(3), 199-218.

O’Keeffe, Anne. (2006). Investigating Media Discourse. London: Routledge.

O’Keeffe, Anne. (2011). Media and discourse analysis. In J. P. Gee & M. Handford (Eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis. London: Routledge.

O’Keefe, Daniel J. (2002). Persuasion: Theory and Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Parsons, Patricia. (2013). Beyond Persuasion: Communication Strategies for Healthcare Managers in the Digital Age. Canada: University of Toronto press.

Partington, A. (2003). Politics, Power and Politeness. In A. Partington (Ed.). The linguistics of political argument (pp. 124-155). London and New York: Routledge.

Pedrini, Pier Paolo. (2017). Propaganda, Persuasion and the Great War. London & NY: Routledge.

Pelclova, J., and Lu, W. (2018). Persuasion across Times, Domains and Modalities. In Pelclova, J., & Lu, W. (Eds.). Persuasion in Public Discourse: Cognitive and

Functional Perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Pennycook, A. (1994). The Politics of Pronouns. ELTJ. 48(2), 173–178.

Perelman, Chaïm. (1982). The Realm of Rhetoric. Trans. by W. Kluback. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

Pérez-Hernández, Lorena. (2020). Speech Acts in English: From Research to Instruction and Textbook Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Perloff, Richard. (2017). The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the 21st Century. New York and London: Routledge.

Petty, Richard E. and John T. Cacioppo (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. In Leonard Berkowitz, (Ed.), Advances in Experimental and Social

Psychology (pp. 123-205). New York: Academic Press.

Ponton, Douglas. (2017). Persuasive Farce: Dialogical Pragmatics in the Novels of P.G. Wodehouse. Lingue e Linguaggi. 23 (2017): 195-209. Retrieved April 28, 2020

from http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/index.php/linguelinguaggi/article/view/17452

Porto, Brian. (2020). Rhetoric, Persuasion, and Modern Legal Writing: The Pen Is Mightier. Lexington

Romanova, I. D., & Smirnova, I. V. (2019). Persuasive Techniques in Advertising. Training, language, and culture. 3(2), 55-70.

Rudolf von Rohr, Marie-Thérèse. (2017). Persuasion in smoking cessation online: An interpersonal pragmatic perspective. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of

Basel, Switzerland. Retrieved April 28, 2020 from https://edoc.unibas.ch/66911/

Schmidt, R. and Kess, F.J. (1984). Persuasive Language in Advertising and Televangelism. Working papers of the linguistics circle (WPLC). 4(1), 91-113.

Sexton, S. (2016). Communicating illness: Depictions of mental illness and cancer in Canadian news media. M.A thesis, Ryerson University Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Retrieved July 20, 2020 from https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A5391

Simatupang, E. C., & Supri, I. Z. (2020). Compound Words That Occur During the Global Pandemic Covid-19: A Morphosemantic Study. English Review: Journal of

English Education. 8(2), 127-134. doi: 10.25134/erjee.v8i2.2824

Soedjarwo, Gabriella. (2020). Persuasion Act in the Proposal Movie. Journal of Pragmatics Research. 2(1), 50-67. Retrieved November 1, 2020 from https://e-

journal.iainsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/jopr/article/view/4584/1561

Sontag, S. (1989). Illness as Metaphor: AIDS and Its Metaphors. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Soules, Marshal. (2015). Media, Persuasion, and Propaganda. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Tan, K.H., Woods, P., Azman, H., Abdullah, I. H., Hashim, R. S., Abdul Rahim, H., Idrus, M. M., Said, N. E. M., Lew, R., & Kosem, I. (2020). COVID-19 Insights and

Linguistic Methods. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies. 26(2), 1-23.

Taufik, K. S., Tarjana, S., & Nurkamo, Joko. (2014). The Persuasive Utterances in a Political Discourse (The Case Study of the Regent Election Campaign of Pasuruan,

East Java-Indonesia). International Journal of Linguistics. 6(1), 192-208.

Van Dijk, T. A. (1996). Power and The News Media. In D. L. Paletz, (Eds.). Political Communication in Action. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.

Vin, Amanda. (2019). Online Activism: Social Change through Social Media. Lucent Press

Virtanen, T. and Halmari, H. (2005). Persuasion across Genres: Emerging Perspectives. In H. Halmari & T. Virtanen, (Eds.). Persuasion across Genres (pp. 3-24).

Wilson, J. (1990). Politically Speaking. Oxford: Blackwells.

Wu, Ruey-Jiuan. (2011). A Conversation Analysis of Self-Praising in Everyday Mandarin Interaction. Journal of Pragmatics. 43 (13), 3152–3176

Zheng, T. (2000). Characteristics of Australian Political Language Rhetoric: Tactics of Gaining Public Support and Shirking Responsibility. Journal of Intercultural

Communication. November (4). Retrieved May 4, 2020 from https://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr4/zheng.htm.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2021-2101-16

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

 

 

eISSN : 2550-2131

ISSN : 1675-8021