Representatif Leksikal Ukuran sebagai Metafora Linguistik berdasarkan Teks Klasik Melayu (Representatives of Lexical Ukuran as Linguistics Metaphors Based on Malay Classic Text)

Muhamad Fadzllah Zaini, Anida Sarudin, Mazura Mastura Muhammad, Siti Saniah Abu Bakar

Abstract


Metafora Linguistik atau Ekspresi Metafora atau Leksikal Metafora (Metaphorically Used Word (MUW)) merupakan bentuk perbahasan yang dikemukakan oleh Semino (2008) bagi meneliti secara eksplisit dan sistematik metafora dalam sesebuah wacana. Artikel ini bertujuan meneliti tiga (3) aspek penyelidikan metafora berdasarkan perspektif linguistik korpus, iaitu: (1) mengenal pasti lesikogrammatikal metafora leksikal ukuran, yang merujuk kepada pola kolokasi metafora linguistik; (2) kebarangkalian metafora leksikal ukuran, merupakan pengujian memungkinkan leksikal sebagai leksikal metafora (MUW); dan (3) Dimensi Variasi Metafora leksikal ukuran berdasarkan pemboleh ubah metafora topik dan sarana. Kajian ini menggunakan Korpus Petua Membina Rumah (KPMR). Korpus ini terdiri daripada MSS741, MSS1521, MSS1849, MSS1415, MSS2001, fasal Kitab Abu Masyar dan fasal Tajul Muluk. Korpus Petua Membina Rumah (KPMR) merupakan korpus khusus. Artikel ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan statistik linguistik korpus berdasarkan perisian #LancsBox 4.5. Signifikan leksikal ukuran kerana leksikal ini merupakan 10 leksikal teratas dalam kata kandungan (kata nama). Leksikal ukuran ini memperoleh 54 kali kekerapan mentah dan 36.865101 kali kekerapan relatif. Dalam janaan Keyword In Context (KWIC) terdapat 24 leksikal yang berkolokasi bersama node ukuran. Dapatan pertama, leksikogrammatikal metafora menunjukkan rangsangan leksikal berkolokasi dengan node ukuran terdiri daripada leksikal tiang dan bendul (struktur rumah). Leksikal kolokasi ini merupakan pola leksikal metafora yang berlaku dan dikodkan sebagai bukan literal (metafora). Keduanya, dapatan kebarangkalian metafora menjelaskan leksikal metafora (MUW) berkemungkinan berlaku menerusi hubungan ko-kejadian node ukuran dan leksikal kolokasi. Ketiganya, Dimensi Variasi Metafora mengambil kira Leksikal Metafora (MUW) melibatkan metafora topik dan sarana seperti manusia, abstrak, pergerakan/kedudukan, objek/bangunan dan lain-lain. Ketiga-tiga dapatan ini menunjukkan leksikal ukuran digunakan sebagai metafora (MUW) berdasarkan KPMR. Justeru, penerokaan data kekerapan ini merupakan paradigma dalam kajian metafora bahasa Melayu berpandukan linguistik korpus.

 

Kata kunci: Kolokasi; Metafora Linguistik; Teks Klasik; Rumah; Pengenalpastian Ekspresi Metafora

 

ABSTRACT

 

Linguistic Metaphors or Metaphorical Expressions or Metaphorically Used Words (MUW) is a form of debate proposed by Semino (2008) to explicitly and systematically examine a discourse. The article aims to examine three (3) different aspects of research on metaphors from the perspective of corpus linguistics, namely: (1) to identify the lexicogrammatical metaphors of the lexical ukuran, which refers to the linguistic metaphorical collocation patterns; (2) the probability of the lexical metaphor ukuran as an examination for possible lexicons of MUWs; and (3) dimensions of metaphor variations of the lexical ukuran based on the variables of topic and vehicle. This research developed a specialised corpus of the Korpus Petua Membina Rumah (KPMR) (Household Building Tips) based even (7) manuscripts from which were MSS741, MSS1521, MSS1849, MSS1415, MSS2001, the Book of Abu Masyar and the Clause of Tajul Muluk. This research utilised a quantitative study design and corpus statistics analysis based on the LancsBox 4.5 software. The lexical ukuran was chosen since it is amongst the top 10 lexicons in the list of content words (nouns). The lexical ukuran occurred 54 times in raw frequency and 36.865101 times in relative frequency. Based on the KWIC generation, there were 24 lexicons that collocated with the node ukuran. The findings showed that the lexicogrammatical metaphor representation of the node ukuran collocated with the lexicon ‘tiang’ (pillar) and ‘bendul’ (sill). This lexical collocation provides the lexical metaphorical pattern that occurred and was coded as non-literal (metaphors).  Second, the results of metaphorical probability exhibited how the MUW may occur based on the relationship of the co-occurrence of the node ukuran with the lexical collocation. Third, the dimensions of metaphor variations took into account the MUW related the topic and vehicle metaphors such as humans, abstracts, actions/locations, objects/buildings, and others. These findings proved that the lexical of ukuran was used as metaphors throughout the KPMR corpora. Thus, the exploration of corpus linguistics frequency data presents a research paradigm in the study of Malay language metaphors based on corpus linguistics.

 

Keywords: Collocation; Linguistics Metaphor; Classic Text; House; Identification of Metaphorical Expressions


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2020-2002-10

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