Pengaruh Tuntutan Pekerjaan, Sumber Pekerjaan dan Keterlibatan Kerja terhadap Keseimbangan Kerja-Kehidupan dalam kalangan Penjawat Awam di Malaysia

Wan Shahrazad Wan Sulaiman, Nor Azzatunnisak Mohd Khatib, Fatimah wati Halim, Yoesdinain Nugraha, Anissa Lestari, Azhar El Hami

Abstract


Kehidupan kerja yang tidak seimbang dan konflik antara kerja dan keluarga adalah antara faktor yang boleh menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan dan prestasi kerja yang rendah. Apabila tuntutan kerja melebihi keupayaan pekerja, tekanan akan berlaku dan boleh mengganggu keseimbangan kehidupan kerja seseorang. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji pengaruh tuntutan kerja, sumber kerja dan keterlibatan kerja yang boleh menjejaskan keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan dalam kalangan penjawat awam. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian tinjauan yang melibatkan pengumpulan data melalui soal selidik. Seramai 5165 responden dalam perkhidmatan awam di Malaysia telah menyertai kajian ini. Soal selidik yang digunakan terdiri daripada lima bahagian termasuk maklumat demografi, skala tuntutan kerja, skala sumber kerja, Skala Keterlibatan Kerja Utrecht (UWES) dan skala keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan. Keputusan kajian mendapati terdapat hubungan yang signifikan di antara tuntutan pekerjaan dan sumber pekerjaan dengan keterlibatan kerja. Dapatan juga menunjukkan hubungan signifikan di antara tuntutan pekerjaan dan sumber pekerjaan dengan keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan. Analisis regresi pelbagai menunjukkan bahawa tuntutan pekerjaan (beban, konflik peranan dan kejelasan peranan) dan sumber pekerjaan (autonomi, sokongan dan efikasi kendiri) merupakan peramal signifikan bagi keterlibatan kerja. Di samping itu, tuntutan pekerjaan (beban dan kejelasan peranan), sumber pekerjaan (autonomi, sokongan dan efikasi kendiri) dan keterlibatan kerja juga merupakan peramal signifikan bagi keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan merupakan aspek penting yang perlu diberi perhatian oleh pekerja dan organisasi. Implikasi kajian ini adalah ia telah mengenal pasti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja di Malaysia.

Keywords


keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan; tuntutan kerja; sumber pekerjaan; keterlibatan kerja; penjawat awam

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2026.2302.12

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