Perkembangan Pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET), Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA), 1968-2020
Abstract
Kajian ini mengetengahkan perkembangan Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional atau singkatannya iaitu TVET (Technical and Vocational Education Training) di bawah kelolaan Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA). Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional menggunakan metod pendidikan dan latihan yang cenderung ke arah pekerjaan yang mengutamakan amalan industri dalam pelbagai bidang berkaitan. TVET dikatakan menjadi pencetus dalam penghasilan modal insan yang berdaya saing dan berkemahiran tinggi sekaligus golongan ini mampu membawa kepada pembangunan ekonomi negara khususnya. MARA telah bertindak menubuhkan pelbagai institusi berunsurkan TVET bagi memenuhi keperluan golongan berkemahiran tinggi. Perbincangan difokuskan kepada sejauhmanakah pendidikan di bawah Institusi Pendidikan MARA (IPMa) TVET mampu memberi impak yang besar kepada negara. Objektif kajian adalah untuk menjelaskan program yang dilaksanakan, cabaran yang dihadapi oleh pihak MARA memperkasakan TVET dalam kalangan Bumiputera serta langkah yang diambil dalam menangani cabaran tersebut. Pendekatan kaedah penyelidikan yang dilaksanakan adalah secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif di mana kajian ini khususnya melibatkan sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Sumber primer, diakses di Arkib Negara dan Arkib MARA. Oleh yang demikian, bagi menampung kelompangan sumber primer daripada Arkib MARA, kajian lapangan berbentuk temubual bersemuka dilakukan. Kajian ini dapat mengenal pasti program yang dilaksanakan, isu dan cabaran dalam memperkasakan TVET di negara kita. Maka, golongan berkemahiran tinggi dalam pelbagai bidang dapat dihasilkan sekaligus dapat memenuhi keperluan pasaran sepenuhnya. Sumber tenaga mahir dalam pelbagai bidang mampu mengangkat negara kita seiring bersama negara-negara moden yang lain sekaligus meletakkan negara menuju ke arah sebuah negara berpendapatan tinggi.
Kata kunci: TVET; IPMa; kemahiran tinggi; sumber tenaga mahir; berpendapatan tinggi
Abstract: This study highlights the development of Technical and Vocational Education and Training or TVET (Technical and Vocational Education Training) under the management of Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA). Technical and Vocational Education and Training uses education and training methods that tend towards jobs that prioritize industry practices in various related fields. TVET is said to be the trigger in the production of competitive and highly skilled human capital at the same time that this group can lead to the development of the country's economy in particular. MARA has acted to establish various institutions with elements of TVET to meet the needs of the highly skilled. The discussion focused on the extent to which education under the MARA Education Institution (IPMa) TVET can have a great impact on the country. The objective of the study is to explain the programs implemented; the challenges faced by MARA in empowering TVET among Bumiputeras as well as the steps taken to deal with those challenges. The research method approach implemented is qualitative and quantitative where this study specifically involves primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are accessed at the National Archives and MARA Archives. Thus, in order to cover the lack of primary sources from the MARA Archive, a field study in the form of face-to-face interviews was conducted. This study can identify programs implemented, issues and challenges in empowering TVET in our country. Therefore, highly skilled people in various fields can be produced while being able to fully meet the needs of the market. Skilled energy resources in various fields are able to lift our country along with other modern countries and at the same time put the country towards becoming a high-income country.
Keywords: TVET; IPMa; highly skilled; skilled energy resources; high-income
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2101.30
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