KONFLIK KEDAULATAN DI DI KEPULAUAN SPRATLY : ANALISIS CABARAN DAN CADANGAN PENGURUSAN MENGIKUT KERANGKA UNDANG-UNDANG ANTARABANGSA
Abstract
Kepulauan Spratly telah menjadi titik pertikaian utama dalam konflik kedaulatan serantau yang melibatkan beberapa negara Asia Tenggara seperti China, Vietnam, Filipina dan Malaysia. Kepulauan ini bukan sahaja memiliki kepentingan strategik dari segi geopolitik, malah kaya dengan sumber semula jadi seperti minyak, gas dan hasil perikanan. Namun begitu, pertikaian ini semakin meruncing akibat perbezaan tafsiran terhadap peruntukan Konvensyen Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu mengenai Undang-Undang Laut (UNCLOS), khususnya berhubung Zon Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE), pelantar benua dan status ciri geografi maritim seperti pulau dan terumbu karang. Ketidakjelasan dalam penafsiran undang-undang antarabangsa ini telah mengakibatkan pertindihan tuntutan serta ketegangan diplomatik yang berpanjangan antara negara-negara terlibat. Dalam konteks ini, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan tuntutan kedaulatan ke atas Kepulauan Spratly berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip yang ditetapkan dalam UNCLOS, menilai implikasi geopolitik akibat konflik ini, dan mencadangkan mekanisme penyelesaian melalui pendekatan undang-undang dan diplomatik antarabangsa. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen undang-undang, kes antarabangsa, jurnal ilmiah dan sumber rujukan dalam talian yang sahih. Dengan analisis yang mendalam ini, kajian ini mendapati bahawa prinsip kawalan berkesan, pentadbiran berterusan serta pendekatan interpretasi undang-undang yang seragam merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan kesahihan tuntutan. Justeru, kajian ini menyumbang kepada pembangunan cadangan penyelesaian yang lebih adil dan berpaksikan kepada kerangka undang-undang antarabangsa.
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