Kedudukan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dari Perspektif Undang-Undang Awam Antarabangsa dan Implikasinya Terhadap Hak Autonomi Sabah dan Sarawak

Ahmad Rafif Fakhri Mohd Sukri, Rozlinda Mohamed Fadzil

Abstract



Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 (MA63) merupakan asas pembentukan Persekutuan Malaysia dan penentu status autonomi Sabah dan Sarawak. Namun, persoalan mengenai tahap pematuhan Malaysia terhadap MA63 terus mencetuskan perdebatan khususnya dalam konteks undang-undang awam antarabangsa. Kajian ini meneliti tanggungjawab dan kewajipan Malaysia di bawah undang-undang perjanjian antarabangsa dengan memberi tumpuan kepada prinsip pacta sunt servanda, hak penentuan nasib sendiri dan tanggungjawab perundangan dalam mengekalkan status autonomi Sabah dan Sarawak. Analisis terhadap kes-kes antarabangsa dan tempatan digunakan bagi menilai keterikatan Malaysia kepada perjanjian antarabangsa serta akibat ketidakpatuhan terhadap MA63. Kajian ini turut meneroka mekanisme penyelesaian pertikaian termasuklah kemungkinan membawa tuntutan ke Mahkamah Keadilan Antarabangsa atau Mahkamah Tetap Timbang Tara. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kegagalan Malaysia mematuhi MA63 boleh mencetuskan cabaran undang-undang di peringkat domestik dan antarabangsa selain turut memberi implikasi kepada hubungan politik serta diplomasi negara. Oleh itu, penilaian semula kedudukan MA63 dalam rangka undang-undang antarabangsa adalah kritikal bagi memastikan keadilan dan perlindungan hak autonomi Sabah dan Sarawak.

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